Based on Maria’s presenting symptoms and diagnostic test, the nurse suspects the patient will be diagnosed with ___________.

Community acquired pneumonia

Cor pulmonale

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) fits symptoms like cough or fever from pathogens outside hospitals. It’s the most likely without hospital exposure history, aligning with typical outpatient respiratory infection patterns.

Choice B reason: Cor pulmonale involves right heart failure from lung disease, not primary infection. Maria’s acute symptoms suggest pneumonia, not chronic pulmonary hypertension, making this less probable without supporting cardiac findings.

Choice C reason: Hospital-acquired pneumonia requires recent hospitalization, not indicated here. Maria’s presentation lacks nosocomial context, favoring community-acquired pneumonia as the diagnosis based on typical outpatient symptom onset.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Wheezing indicates airway narrowing, typical in asthma or COPD, not pneumonia. Pneumonia causes alveolar fluid, producing crackles, so diffuse wheezing doesn’t align with its pathophysiology of consolidation.

Choice B reason: Finger clubbing and pallor suggest chronic hypoxia or anemia, not acute pneumonia. These develop over time, whereas pneumonia presents with acute respiratory signs like crackles, not chronic markers.

Choice C reason: Crackles or rales occur in pneumonia from fluid or pus in alveoli, disrupting airflow. Heard on auscultation, they’re a classic sign, reflecting consolidation or inflammation in affected lung regions.

Choice D reason: Edema is fluid in tissues, linked to heart failure, not pneumonia directly. Pneumonia affects lungs, causing crackles, not peripheral swelling, making this unrelated to typical respiratory findings.

A. Encourage the patient to engage in regular low-impact exercise. B. Advise the patient to limit fluid intake to prevent edema. C. Instruct the patient to wear tight-fitting shoes to improve circulation. D. Recommend strict bed rest to minimize pain.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Low-impact exercise, like walking, enhances collateral circulation in PAD, increasing blood flow to ischemic muscles. It reduces claudication by stimulating angiogenesis and improving endothelial function, a cornerstone of evidence-based management to alleviate symptoms effectively.

Choice B reason: Limiting fluid intake addresses edema, not a primary PAD issue, which involves arterial insufficiency, not venous stasis. This strategy lacks scientific support for claudication relief, as hydration status doesn’t directly influence arterial perfusion.

Choice C reason: Tight shoes restrict circulation, worsening PAD by compressing arteries and exacerbating ischemia. Proper footwear is essential, but constriction contradicts vascular physiology, potentially increasing pain and tissue damage rather than improving blood flow.

Choice D reason: Bed rest reduces activity, promoting stasis and deconditioning in PAD, worsening claudication. Immobility decreases muscle pump action and collateral flow, conflicting with evidence that exercise improves symptoms, making this detrimental to recovery.

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Based on Maria’s presenting symptoms and diagnostic test, the nurse suspects the patient will be diagnosed with ___________.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to assess Maria’s respiratory system. Which assessment findings are likely to be associated with pneumonia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A 65-year-old patient with a history of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) presents to the clinic with complaints of intermittent claudication in the right leg. Which of the following management strategies should the nurse prioritize to improve the patient’s condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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