Causes of constipation include:

High fiber diet, laxatives, increased water intake, increased reflex for defecation

Decreased fiber diet, decreased water intake, decreased reflex for defecation

Increased fiber diet, increased hydration, increased reflex for defecation, medications, absence of disease processes

Decreased fiber diet, decreased hydration, decreased reflex for defecation, medications, disease processes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. High fiber diet, laxatives, increased water intake, increased reflex for defecation: These factors promote healthy bowel movements. Fiber adds bulk to stool, water softens it, laxatives stimulate movement, and an intact defecation reflex supports regular elimination, all of which prevent constipation.

B. Decreased fiber diet, decreased water intake, decreased reflex for defecation: These are contributing factors to constipation. However, it leaves out other significant causes like medications and medical conditions that impair bowel function.

C. Increased fiber diet, increased hydration, increased reflex for defecation, medications, absence of disease processes: Fiber, hydration, absence of disease and a strong reflex help prevent constipation. However, medications like opioids and anticholinergics often cause constipation regardless of diet and hydration.

D. Decreased fiber diet, decreased hydration, decreased reflex for defecation, medications, disease processes: A low-fiber diet and poor hydration lead to hard stools. A weak defecation reflex can result from neurological decline. Medications and chronic diseases such as diabetes or hypothyroidism can slow intestinal motility.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is False

Explanation

Acute gastritis is indeed a transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa and often results from local irritants like aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol, caffeine, and contaminated food. It is typically self-limiting and resolves once the irritant is removed. However, the statement is incorrect in describing it as "very serious" in most cases. While complications can occur, acute gastritis is usually mild and not considered very serious unless left untreated.

A. A 69 year old female with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoietin production B. A 70 year old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) C. A 58 year old male with renal calculi D. A 29 year old female, pregnant for the first time

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. A 69-year-old female with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoietin production: While anemia can occur due to chronic kidney disease, it does not directly cause urinary tract obstruction. The lack of erythropoietin affects red blood cell production, not urine flow.

B. A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): BPH is a common cause of urinary obstruction in older men. The enlarged prostate compresses the urethra, leading to impaired urine outflow and increased risk of urinary retention.

C. A 58-year-old male with renal calculi: Kidney stones are a frequent cause of urinary tract obstruction. They can block the flow of urine in the ureters, renal pelvis, or bladder, leading to pain, hydronephrosis, and infection risk.

D. A 29-year-old female, pregnant for the first time: Pregnancy can cause urinary obstruction due to the enlarged uterus compressing the ureters, especially in the second and third trimesters, resulting in reduced urine flow and potential hydronephrosis.

E. A 28-year-old male with a neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury: Neurogenic bladder disrupts normal bladder function and control, which can lead to urinary retention and obstruction due to poor coordination of bladder muscle and sphincter activity.

F. A 43-year-old male with an acid-base imbalance secondary to malnutrition: While malnutrition can affect many organ systems, acid-base imbalance by itself is not a direct cause of urinary tract obstruction.

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Causes of constipation include:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Acute gastritis is an inflammation of the mucosa. It is transient, may involve local irritants such as aspirin: food contamination, caffeine, alcohol. It is self- limiting and is very serious.

Correct Answer is False

Explanation

The nurse has noted the high incidence of urinary tract obstructions of a variety of etiologies. Which individuals are at risk of developing urinary obstructions? (Select all that apply).

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

All of the following are correct for causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury except:

To prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the nurse is especially careful when:

A patient has been diagnosed with reflux esophagitis (GERD). What instruction by the nurse professional is most appropriate?

What is encephalitis and what best describes the most common cause of encephalitis?

Michael has been diagnosed with frontal lobe abnormalities. As part of his care and evaluation, it is important to understand the specific functions that the frontal lobe is responsible for.

Which of the following would NOT be a cause of prerenal failure?

Severe or progressive glomerular disease eventually leads to oliguria. Which of the following is a correct "definition" of oliguria?