Severe or progressive glomerular disease eventually leads to oliguria. Which of the following is a correct "definition" of oliguria?
Urine output <30mL/hour
Absence of urine output
Increased urine output
Urine output>100mL/hour
The Correct Answer is A
A. Urine output <30mL/hour: Oliguria is defined as a markedly reduced urine output, typically less than 400 mL per day or less than 30 mL per hour. It indicates decreased kidney function or perfusion and is common in progressive renal conditions.
B. Absence of urine output: This describes anuria, not oliguria. Anuria is defined as urine output less than 100 mL per day and signifies severe kidney failure or complete urinary tract obstruction.
C. Increased urine output: This describes polyuria, often associated with conditions like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, not oliguria.
D. Urine output >100mL/hour: This is well above the threshold for oliguria and may suggest diuresis or overhydration. It does not meet the criteria for decreased kidney output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Potential Condition: Hepatic Encephalopathy
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The client has very high ammonia levels (236 mcg/dL), elevated liver enzymes, and low albumin, all pointing toward hepatic encephalopathy. Additional signs include a history of alcohol abuse, cirrhosis, and altered liver function, which commonly contribute to ammonia accumulation and neurotoxicity.
Actions to Take:
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Administer lactulose: Helps lower serum ammonia by promoting its excretion via the GI tract.
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Assess for asterixis: A classic sign of hepatic encephalopathy characterized by a flapping tremor of the hands.
Parameters to Monitor:
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Neurologic status: To detect changes in mental status or worsening encephalopathy.
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Safety measures: Clients with hepatic encephalopathy are at high risk for confusion, falls, and injury, necessitating close supervision and safety interventions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 60–89 mL/min/1.73m²: This range indicates mildly decreased GFR, often classified as Stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Renal function is still relatively preserved and not considered renal failure at this stage.
B. 30–59 mL/min/1.73m²: This reflects a moderate decrease in GFR, typically Stage 3 CKD. Although kidney function is significantly impaired, it is not yet categorized as renal failure.
C. 15–29 mL/min/1.73m²: This GFR indicates severe kidney impairment and is classified as Stage 4 CKD. While this stage shows significant dysfunction, renal failure is generally diagnosed at lower values.
D. <15 mL/min/1.73m²: A GFR below 15 signals end-stage renal disease (ESRD), also referred to as renal failure. At this stage, dialysis or kidney transplantation is usually necessary to sustain life.
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