Which symptom is an adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)?

Dry mouth.

Restlessness.

Increased salivation.

Diarrhea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Dry mouth is a common adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) . Anticholinergic agents prevent involuntary contractions of the bladder detrusor muscle by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates the muscle . However, anticholinergics are not tissue specific, and they also affect other parts of the body where acetylcholine is involved, such as the salivary glands, the gastrointestinal tract, and the eyes .

Choice B is wrong because restlessness is not a typical side effect of anticholinergic agents. In fact, anticholinergics can cause sedation and drowsiness in some people .

Choice C is wrong because increased salivation is the opposite of what anticholinergics do. Anticholinergics reduce the secretion of saliva, causing dry mouth .

Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is also the opposite of what anticholinergics do. Anticholinergics slow down the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation .

Some other possible adverse effects of anticholinergic agents include blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion, memory impairment, and increased risk of dementia and mortality .

Therefore, these drugs should be used with caution and under medical supervision.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin and can lead to toxicity even with normal serum digoxin levels. Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium pump on the cardiac cells, which causes potassium to accumulate outside the cells.Low potassium levels in the blood create a larger gradient for potassium to move out of the cells, which enhances the effect of digoxin and can cause arrhythmias.

Choice B is wrong because calcium 9.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) can potentiate the effects of digoxin and cause toxicity.

Choice C is wrong because sodium 140 mEq/L is within the normal range (135 to 145 mEq/L) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, high sodium levels (hypernatremia) can reduce the binding of digoxin to the sodium-potassium pump and decrease its efficacy.

Choice D is wrong because magnesium 2.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (1.7 to 2.4 mg/dL) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) can increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin and cause toxicity.

A. Rise slowly. B. Stop taking when symptoms have subsided. C. Decrease fluid intake. D. Take this medication with grapefruit juice.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Terazosin is a medication that belongs to the class of alpha-adrenergic blockers, which relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.It also lowers blood pressure by relaxing the veins and arteries, allowing blood to flow more easily.Therefore, terazosin can cause dizziness or fainting, especially when getting up from a sitting or lying position.To prevent this, the patient should rise slowly and avoid standing for long periods or becoming overheated.

Choice B is wrong because terazosin is not a cure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but a symptom reliever.Stopping the medication may cause the urinary problems to return or worsen.

The patient should continue taking terazosin as prescribed by the doctor, unless advised otherwise.

Choice C is wrong because decreasing fluid intake may increase the risk of dehydration, urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and kidney problems.

The patient should drink enough fluids to stay hydrated and flush out the urinary system.

Choice D is wrong because grapefruit juice may interact with terazosin and increase its blood levels, leading to more side effects such as low blood pressure, drowsiness, or headache.

The patient should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking terazosin, or consult the doctor before doing so.

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Which symptom is an adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring blood electrolytes for four clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for digoxin toxicity?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client has been prescribed an alpha-adrenergic, terazosin for their benign prostatic hypertrophy. The nurse plans to include which of the following in the client teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choose the group that is correct. Select all that apply.

When administering sublingual nitroglycerin for emergency treatment of angina or chest pain, the nurse monitors for which common adverse effect?

Which administration strategy can a patient implement to reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy?

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Why is a patient who is using a transdermal nitroglycerin patch instructed to remove the patch at bedtime and apply a new one in the morning?

If the patient PTT lab level is too long and greater than 80 seconds, the nurse should notify the doctor. Which doctor’s order should the nurse anticipate?

A nurse understands that a common reason why a patient is prescribed a combination of diuretics is because?