Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory acidosis

Pulmonary emboli

Right heart failure (Cor Pulmonale)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction and is typically caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke. While COPD can lead to pulmonary hypertension as a complication, it is not caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, chronic pulmonary hypertension does not directly cause COPD.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. While it can be associated with various respiratory conditions, it is not a direct complication of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic pulmonary hypertension primarily affects the pressure within the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the heart rather than directly causing respiratory acidosis.

Choice C reason: Pulmonary emboli are blood clots that travel to the lungs and can cause sudden obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. While pulmonary emboli can lead to acute pulmonary hypertension, they are not typically caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic pulmonary hypertension is usually a result of long-term conditions affecting the pulmonary vasculature, whereas pulmonary emboli are acute events.

Choice D reason: Right heart failure, also known as Cor Pulmonale, is a direct complication of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases the pressure in the pulmonary arteries, causing the right side of the heart to work harder to pump blood through the lungs. Over time, this increased workload can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of the heart muscle) and eventual failure. Cor Pulmonale is a significant consequence of chronic pulmonary hypertension and can lead to symptoms such as edema, ascites, and fatigue.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections and is not relevant to the management of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac condition, and antibiotics do not play a role in its treatment.

Choice B reason: Reglan (metoclopramide) is a medication used to treat gastrointestinal issues such as gastroparesis and is not used in the management of atrial fibrillation. It does not address the primary concerns associated with atrial fibrillation, such as stroke risk and heart rate control.

Choice C reason: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other acid-related conditions. It is not used in the management of atrial fibrillation and does not address the primary concerns associated with the condition.

Choice D reason: Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) commonly prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart, which can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Rivaroxaban helps prevent these clots from forming, thereby reducing the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

A. Dry mouth B. Diarrhea C. Muscle pain D. Headache

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Dry mouth is a relatively minor side effect of statin medications and is generally not a cause for significant concern. While it can be uncomfortable and may affect oral health if persistent, it does not typically indicate a serious underlying condition.

Choice B reason: Diarrhea can be an inconvenient and uncomfortable side effect of statins, but it is not usually considered dangerous. It is important to manage it to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, but it is not as concerning as some other side effects.

Choice C reason: Muscle pain, also known as myalgia, is the most concerning side effect of statin medications like simvastatin. In rare cases, muscle pain can progress to a more serious condition called rhabdomyolysis, where muscle tissue breaks down rapidly, releasing a protein called myoglobin into the bloodstream. This can lead to kidney damage and, in severe cases, kidney failure. Therefore, any new or unexplained muscle pain should be promptly reported to a healthcare provider for evaluation.

Choice D reason: Headache is a common and generally mild side effect of many medications, including statins. While it can be bothersome, it is not typically indicative of a serious problem and is not considered as concerning as muscle pain related to statin use.

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Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is newly diagnosed with Atrial Fibrillation and is being discharged home today. Their heart rate is controlled at 88 bpm and BP is 121/68. They deny dizziness or fatigue. What medication do we expect this patient will be discharged home with?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which side effect of statin medications like simvastatin should be the most concerning?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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