Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory acidosis

Pulmonary emboli

Right heart failure (Cor Pulmonale)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction and is typically caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke. While COPD can lead to pulmonary hypertension as a complication, it is not caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, chronic pulmonary hypertension does not directly cause COPD.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. While it can be associated with various respiratory conditions, it is not a direct complication of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic pulmonary hypertension primarily affects the pressure within the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the heart rather than directly causing respiratory acidosis.

Choice C reason: Pulmonary emboli are blood clots that travel to the lungs and can cause sudden obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. While pulmonary emboli can lead to acute pulmonary hypertension, they are not typically caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic pulmonary hypertension is usually a result of long-term conditions affecting the pulmonary vasculature, whereas pulmonary emboli are acute events.

Choice D reason: Right heart failure, also known as Cor Pulmonale, is a direct complication of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases the pressure in the pulmonary arteries, causing the right side of the heart to work harder to pump blood through the lungs. Over time, this increased workload can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of the heart muscle) and eventual failure. Cor Pulmonale is a significant consequence of chronic pulmonary hypertension and can lead to symptoms such as edema, ascites, and fatigue.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. One of the most important topics to address when teaching a patient about methotrexate is the risk for infection. Methotrexate can suppress the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. Patients should be educated on the signs and symptoms of infection, the importance of maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and reporting any signs of infection to their healthcare provider promptly. This helps in early detection and management of infections, which can be severe in immunocompromised patients.

Choice B reason: The need for sunblock is important for patients taking certain medications that cause photosensitivity, but methotrexate is not typically associated with a high risk of photosensitivity. While sun protection is generally advisable, it is not the most critical teaching point for methotrexate.

Choice C reason: The need for an eye examination is crucial for patients taking medications like hydroxychloroquine, which can affect the eyes. However, methotrexate does not commonly require routine eye examinations, making this a lower priority in patient education.

Choice D reason: The risk for developing esophagitis is more relevant for patients taking medications that can cause irritation or damage to the esophagus, such as bisphosphonates. While methotrexate can cause gastrointestinal side effects, esophagitis is not a primary concern, making this less critical compared to the risk of infection.

A. There is a 25% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. B. There is a 50% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. C. There is a 75% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. D. There is a 100% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: There is not a 25% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. In the case of recessive disorders, if one parent is affected (homozygous recessive) and the other parent is a carrier (heterozygous), the offspring has a different probability of being a carrier or affected.

Choice B reason: There is a 50% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. If the mother is affected (aa) and the father is a carrier (Aa), each child has a 50% chance of inheriting one recessive allele (a) from the mother and one normal allele (A) from the father, making them a carrier (Aa).

Choice C reason: There is not a 75% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. The probability of the offspring being a carrier or affected follows specific Mendelian inheritance patterns, which do not result in a 75% carrier rate.

Choice D reason: There is not a 100% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. While there is a significant likelihood of the offspring being affected or a carrier, it is not guaranteed that all offspring will be carriers.

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Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse provides teaching about methotrexate to a client with rheumatoid arthritis. It is most important to address which topic regarding this drug?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nursing student asks a nurse to explain the differences between amphotericin B and the azoles group of antifungal agents. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

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