A nurse is monitoring a client receiving Isoniazid for adverse effects. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing a side effect of the medication, in which of the following?

Red-orange colored bodily secretions

Tingling sensation in fingers and toes. This symptom can be improved by taking vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Difficulty distinguishing the color red from green

Light sensitivity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Red-orange colored bodily secretions are a well-known side effect of the medication rifampin, not isoniazid. Rifampin is often used in combination therapy for tuberculosis, and it can cause the patient's urine, sweat, tears, and other bodily fluids to become red or orange in color. However, this specific side effect is not associated with isoniazid, which is used as a part of the treatment regimen for tuberculosis but does not cause this particular discoloration.

Choice B reason: Tingling sensation in fingers and toes, also known as peripheral neuropathy, is a recognized side effect of isoniazid. Isoniazid can interfere with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) metabolism, leading to a deficiency. This deficiency causes neuropathy, resulting in tingling, numbness, or burning sensations in the extremities. To prevent this side effect, patients receiving isoniazid are often prescribed vitamin B6 supplements. These supplements help prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy by ensuring adequate levels of vitamin B6 in the body, which is essential for nerve health.

Choice C reason: Difficulty distinguishing the color red from green, or color blindness, is not a side effect of isoniazid. Color vision deficiency is not associated with the use of isoniazid. Other medications, such as ethambutol, used in tuberculosis treatment can cause visual disturbances, including changes in color vision, but isoniazid does not typically affect color perception. Isoniazid's primary neurological side effect is peripheral neuropathy rather than issues with color vision.

Choice D reason: Light sensitivity, or photophobia, is not a common side effect of isoniazid. This symptom is more likely to be associated with other conditions or medications that affect the eyes or central nervous system. Isoniazid's side effects are primarily related to liver toxicity and peripheral neuropathy, rather than causing sensitivity to light. Therefore, experiencing photophobia would not be directly attributable to isoniazid therapy and would require further investigation to determine the underlying cause.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Measures to decrease LDL levels in the elderly would indeed affect the progression of cardiovascular disease. Lowering LDL levels through lifestyle changes, medication, or both can significantly reduce the risk of further heart-related events and slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this statement is incorrect because managing LDL levels remains crucial for elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Choice B reason: Increased LDL levels are not specifically indicative of moderate alcohol intake. While excessive alcohol consumption can affect lipid levels, the primary significance of elevated LDL is its association with the risk of cardiovascular disease, not alcohol intake. Therefore, advising patients to abstain from alcohol based solely on increased LDL levels is not a precise recommendation.

Choice C reason: Increased LDL levels are directly associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to atherosclerosis. This condition narrows and hardens the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events. Monitoring and managing LDL levels is crucial in preventing the progression of CAD, especially in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Choice D reason: Elevated LDL levels are not simply an expected finding in the elderly and should not be dismissed as insignificant. Regardless of age, high LDL levels are a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Elderly patients, particularly those with a history of myocardial infarction, should have their LDL levels monitored and managed to reduce the risk of future heart-related events.

A. Autosomal-recessive disorders B. Autosomal-dominant disorders C. Chromosomal nondisjunction D. X-linked (Sex) disorders

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Autosomal-recessive disorders affect both males and females equally because the gene in question is located on one of the autosomes (non-sex chromosomes). Each individual has two copies of each autosomal gene, one from each parent. An autosomal-recessive disorder manifests when an individual inherits two copies of a mutant gene, one from each parent. Therefore, gender does not influence the likelihood of being affected.

Choice B reason: Autosomal-dominant disorders also affect both males and females equally. These disorders occur when a single copy of a mutant gene on an autosome is sufficient to cause the disorder. Since autosomes are present in both males and females equally, the likelihood of inheriting an autosomal-dominant disorder is not influenced by gender.

Choice C reason: Chromosomal nondisjunction refers to errors in cell division that result in an abnormal number of chromosomes. While some conditions resulting from chromosomal nondisjunction can show gender bias (such as Turner syndrome affecting females and Klinefelter syndrome affecting males), it is not accurate to say that males are generally more likely than females to be affected by chromosomal nondisjunction.

Choice D reason: X-linked (sex-linked) disorders are more likely to affect males than females because the gene causing the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX). If a male inherits a mutant gene on the X chromosome, he will express the disorder because he does not have a second X chromosome to mask the effect. In contrast, females would need two copies of the mutant gene (one on each X chromosome) to express the disorder, making it less likely for them to be affected.

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A nurse is monitoring a client receiving Isoniazid for adverse effects. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing a side effect of the medication, in which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Males are more likely than females to be affected by:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is monitoring a client receiving Isoniazid for adverse effects. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing a side effect of the medication, in which of the following?

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Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes:

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

A patient is newly diagnosed with Atrial Fibrillation and is being discharged home today. Their heart rate is controlled at 88 bpm and BP is 121/68. They deny dizziness or fatigue. What medication do we expect this patient will be discharged home with?