Edema is a hallmark sign of SIADH caused by fluid shifts into the extracellular space.
Clinical manifestations include concentrated urine output and overhydration.
A patient is recovering from a lung resection because of malignant bronchogenic small cell carcinoma.
His serum sodium is 120 mEq/L and SIADH is suspected.
Which statement is accurate regarding SIADH?
Management includes rapid restoration of serum sodium levels to normal.
SIADH occurs when excessive ADH is released by the anterior pituitary.
SIADH is characterized by diluted urine output and dehydration.
Serum sodium levels typically rise in cases of SIADH.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Rapid restoration of serum sodium levels can lead to central pontine myelinolysis, a severe neurological condition. Thus, management should be gradual.
Choice B rationale
SIADH occurs due to excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland, not the anterior, leading to water retention and hyponatremia.
Choice C rationale
SIADH is characterized by concentrated urine due to water retention and overhydration, not diluted urine output and dehydration.
Choice D rationale
Serum sodium levels typically decrease in SIADH due to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Liver cancer is not associated with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. PSA is a protein produced primarily by prostate cells, and its elevation is typically linked to prostate-related conditions rather than liver disorders.
Choice B rationale
Breast cancer is not associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is specific to prostate cells, which are not present in breast tissue. Therefore, PSA is not a marker used in diagnosing or monitoring breast cancer.
Choice C rationale
Colon cancer is not linked to elevated PSA levels. PSA is not a biomarker for colon cancer, as it is specific to the prostate gland. Other markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), are more relevant for colon cancer.
Choice D rationale
Prostatic cancer is associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is produced by prostate cells, and elevated levels can indicate prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or inflammation of the prostate.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) is the primary screening tool for cervical cancer. It detects precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix and is recommended regularly for women.
Choice B rationale
A vaginal ultrasound is not used for initial cervical cancer screening. It may be used to evaluate abnormalities found by other means, but not as a primary screening test.
Choice C rationale
Serum prolactin level testing is not related to cervical cancer screening. Elevated prolactin levels are associated with other conditions like prolactinomas or hypothyroidism.
Choice D rationale
An endometrial biopsy is used to diagnose endometrial cancer or other uterine conditions, not for screening cervical cancer. It examines the tissue lining the uterus.
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