A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

Increased hydrostatic pressure causing twisted and distorted surface veins

Venous congestion and edema

Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the blood vessel wall

Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Increased hydrostatic pressure and twisted surface veins are characteristic of varicose veins, not DVT.

B. Venous congestion and edema may be symptoms of DVT but are not primary causes.

C. DVT commonly results from Virchow's triad: venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall, which create an environment for clot formation in deep veins.

D. Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction are more relevant to arterial conditions, like atherosclerosis, rather than DVT.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypokalemia causes hyperpolarization, not hypopolarization, making it more difficult for cells to reach an action potential.

B. Hypokalemia does not stimulate the vagus nerve but can lead to arrhythmias.

C. While hypokalemia can cause arrhythmias, it usually leads to tachycardia or other irregular rhythms rather than a bradycardic rate of 40 beats per minute.

D. Low potassium levels can lead to tachycardia (e.g., a heart rate of 150 beats per minute) and other dangerous arrhythmias due to increased irritability of cardiac cells.

A. hypercalcemia; phosphate supplement. B. metabolic alkalosis; low protein diet. C. hypokalemia; diuretic medication. D. hypertension; antihypertensive medication.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Patients with CKD typically experience hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption and phosphate retention, not necessitating phosphate supplements.

B. Metabolic acidosis is more common in CKD due to the accumulation of acid waste products, and while a low protein diet may be advised, it is not specifically linked to metabolic alkalosis.

C. Patients with CKD often have hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion, rather than hypokalemia; diuretics can sometimes worsen this condition.

D. Hypertension is a common complication of CKD due to fluid overload, increased renin activity, and changes in vascular resistance; therefore, antihypertensive medication is often prescribed.

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A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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