A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

Increased hydrostatic pressure causing twisted and distorted surface veins

Venous congestion and edema

Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the blood vessel wall

Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Increased hydrostatic pressure and twisted surface veins are characteristic of varicose veins, not DVT.

B. Venous congestion and edema may be symptoms of DVT but are not primary causes.

C. DVT commonly results from Virchow's triad: venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall, which create an environment for clot formation in deep veins.

D. Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction are more relevant to arterial conditions, like atherosclerosis, rather than DVT.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the immune response to strep infection results in inflammatory changes in the glomeruli, making the capillaries "leaky." This allows protein and red blood cells to pass into the urine, causing proteinuria and hematuria.

B. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is not characterized by an autoantibody attack on the renal artery. It is primarily an immune-mediated inflammatory response in the glomeruli.

C. While casts may appear in the urine, the primary issue is glomerular capillary inflammation and permeability rather than direct leaking of casts.

D. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically results in a decreased GFR due to inflammation and reduced kidney function, not an increase.

A. Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta has caused the vessel to become narrowed. Less oxygenated blood is being delivered to your feet. B. Your aneurysm was formed because of the development of a blood clot in the artery in your abdomen. C. The strep bacteria has weakened the valves in your artery. D. Chronic hypertension weakened the walls of your artery causing an outpouching of the arterial vessel wall.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

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A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A week after recovering from strep throat, a child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis in this context usually includes:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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