Genes inherited from parents, brain development, and exercise are all examples of

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processes that affect development.

A. the grasping reflex: The grasping (palmar) reflex is an automatic newborn response produced by small hand/finger muscles, not developed by large-muscle activities.
B. the sucking reflex: Sucking is an oral reflex for feeding and involves facial/oral musculature, not large-muscle activity.
C. fine motor skills: Fine motor skills involve small muscles (hands, fingers); they are not the primary outcome of activities that use large muscles.
D. gross motor skills: Gross motor skills are built from activities that use large muscle groups (legs, arms, trunk) such as rolling, crawling, and running.

A. preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor: This reverses the actual order by placing sensorimotor last, which is incorrect. Sensorimotor is the first stage, occurring in infancy.

B. preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor: This mixes up the middle stages and again places sensorimotor last, which is inaccurate.

C. concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational: This option is completely jumbled and even repeats concrete operational twice.

D. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational: This is the accurate chronological order of Piaget’s four stages. Sensorimotor (Birth-2 years), preoperational (2-7 years), concrete operational (7-11 years), formal operational (12years--).