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How does the immune system distinguish between self and non-self?

A.

Through the presence of antigens on the surface of cells

B.

By recognizing different blood types

C.

By monitoring hormone levels in the body

D.

Through the release of cytokines

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Explanation: Antigens are unique molecules or proteins present on the surface of cells, including pathogens. The immune system can recognize these antigens as "non-self" and mount an immune response to eliminate them while sparing the body's own cells, which display different antigens that are recognized as "self."

Incorrect choices:

b. Recognizing different blood types is relevant for blood transfusions but not a primary mechanism of distinguishing self from non-self by the immune system.

c. Monitoring hormone levels in the body is not directly related to the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self.

d. Cytokines are signaling molecules released by immune cells to regulate the immune response but are not the primary means of distinguishing self from non-self.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: At 2 months of age, infants are recommended to receive the DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella and is usually administered at a later age. The hepatitis B vaccine is given shortly after birth, and the varicella vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age.

Incorrect choices:

a. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, not whooping cough (pertussis).

b. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given shortly after birth, not at 2 months of age.

d. The varicella vaccine is usually administered at 12 months of age, not at 2 months.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Explanation:Destroying infected cells. Antibodies are produced by B cells in response to a specific pathogen and play a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing the invading pathogens, including infected cells.

Incorrect choices:

b. Attracting white blood cells to the site of infection is not the primary role of antibodies. White blood cells are attracted to the site of infection by chemical signals released by damaged tissues or pathogens.

c. Antibodies do not produce hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands to regulate various bodily functions.

d. Antibodies do not regulate body temperature. Body temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.

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