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Which of the following is an indication of Left sided heart failure?

A.

Pulmonary crackles/rales

B.

Weight gain

C.

Hepatomegaly

D.

Jugular vein distention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Pulmonary crackles/rales: Left-sided heart failure leads to a buildup of fluid in the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion and crackles/rales on auscultation.

B. Weight gain: This is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure due to fluid retention, though it can be seen in both types of heart failure.

C. Hepatomegaly: Hepatomegaly is typically associated with right-sided heart failure due to congestion in the systemic circulation.

D. Jugular vein distention: JVD is a sign of right-sided heart failure, as it indicates increased central venous pressure.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Patient stopped smoking five years prior to hospitalization: Smoking cessation materials are typically targeted to current smokers or those who have quit very recently (usually within the last year). This patient may not need smoking cessation materials as they have been smoke-free for a significant period.

B. Patient smokes five cigars a week: Smoking cigars still carries health risks similar to cigarettes and indicates the need for smoking cessation materials.

C. Patient uses chewing tobacco: Chewing tobacco is a form of smokeless tobacco, and while harmful, it would require different educational materials focused on smokeless tobacco cessation rather than smoking cessation.

D. Patient smoked cigarettes any time during the last year prior to hospitalization: This indicates current or recent smoking behavior which is a significant risk factor that needs to be addressed.

Correct Answer is ["136.67"]

Explanation

Calculation:

The P/F ratio is calculated as:

P/Fratio= PaO₂÷ FiO₂

P/Fratio = 82÷0.60

=136.67

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