Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with which of the following?

A. The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only: The ureters are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
B. Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine: There are no anatomical sphincters; backflow is prevented by the angle of ureter entry into the bladder wall and valve-like flaps.
C. The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch: The ureters are lined with transitional epithelium, which allows stretching, not stratified squamous.
D. The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract: Ureters have smooth muscle that contracts rhythmically to move urine via peristalsis from the kidneys to the bladder.

A. Posterior pituitary releases ADH: Dehydration increases blood osmolarity. This is sensed by hypothalamic osmoreceptors. In response, the hypothalamus signals the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH then acts on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to promote water reabsorption, thereby concentrating the urine and reducing blood osmolarity.

B. Adrenal medulla releases aldosterone: Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex, not medulla, and is more responsive to low sodium or high potassium, not directly to osmolarity.

C. Kidneys release erythropoietin: Erythropoietin is released in response to hypoxia, not dehydration or osmolarity.

D. Anterior pituitary releases oxytocin: Oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary, and it is not involved in osmolarity or water balance.

E. Adrenal cortex releases norepinephrine: Norepinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla, and is involved in fight-or-flight, not osmolarity regulation.