In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?

Hypotonic saltwater.

Hypertonic saltwater.

Hypotonic freshwater.

Hypertonic freshwater.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is B. Hypertonic saltwater.

Choice A rationale: Hypotonic saltwater would not cause significant fluid shifts into the alveoli. Instead, it would cause cells to swell due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells.

Choice B rationale: Hypertonic saltwater causes fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli due to the higher concentration of solutes in the water compared to the body's cells. This can impair alveolar ventilation and result in hypoxia.

Choice C rationale: Hypotonic freshwater would cause cells to swell and potentially burst due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells, but it would not specifically cause fluid to be drawn into the alveoli.

Choice D rationale: Hypertonic freshwater is not a common classification for drowning water. Freshwater is typically hypotonic compared to body fluids, and it would not cause the same fluid shift as hypertonic saltwater.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Adequate platelet production does not explain the prolonged bleeding times in von Willebrand disease. These patients often have normal platelet counts, but their platelets do not function properly due to the absence or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor.

Choice B rationale:

Deficiency in intrinsic clotting system factor is not the primary cause of prolonged bleeding times in von Willebrand disease. The deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps platelets adhere to the blood vessel walls and clot properly, is the key issue in this disorder.

Choice C rationale:

Impairment of the thrombin fibrinogen reaction does not directly relate to von Willebrand disease. This disorder primarily involves platelet dysfunction and variable factor VIII deficiencies, leading to prolonged bleeding times.

Choice D rationale:

Variable factor VIII deficiencies and platelet dysfunction are characteristic of von Willebrand disease. Factor VIII helps with blood clotting, and its deficiency, along with impaired platelet function, contributes to the prolonged bleeding times in patients with von Willebrand disease.

A. Microcytic. B. Normocytic. C. Hypochromic. D. Megaloblastic.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is: B. Normocytic.

Choice A rationale: Microcytic erythrocytes, or smaller-than-normal red blood cells, are typically seen in chronic conditions like iron deficiency anemia, not acute blood loss.

Choice B rationale: Normocytic erythrocytes, or normal-sized red blood cells, are usually seen in acute blood loss as the body's initial response doesn't alter the size of red blood cells.

Choice C rationale: Hypochromic erythrocytes, or paler-than-normal red blood cells, are more common in chronic anemia states such as iron deficiency.

Choice D rationale: Megaloblastic erythrocytes, or abnormally large red blood cells, are seen in conditions like vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, not in acute blood loss.

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In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse recognizes that patients with von Willebrand disease are at risk for prolonged bleeding times for which reason?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which erythrocyte characteristic would the nurse expect to see in the laboratory findings for a patient who has experienced acute blood loss?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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