In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?
Hypotonic saltwater.
Hypertonic saltwater.
Hypotonic freshwater.
Hypertonic freshwater.
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is B. Hypertonic saltwater.
Choice A rationale: Hypotonic saltwater would not cause significant fluid shifts into the alveoli. Instead, it would cause cells to swell due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells.
Choice B rationale: Hypertonic saltwater causes fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli due to the higher concentration of solutes in the water compared to the body's cells. This can impair alveolar ventilation and result in hypoxia.
Choice C rationale: Hypotonic freshwater would cause cells to swell and potentially burst due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells, but it would not specifically cause fluid to be drawn into the alveoli.
Choice D rationale: Hypertonic freshwater is not a common classification for drowning water. Freshwater is typically hypotonic compared to body fluids, and it would not cause the same fluid shift as hypertonic saltwater.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Thrombus formation is a later stage event in coronary artery disease (CAD) and occurs after the development of fatty streaks. Thrombus formation usually happens due to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to platelet aggregation and clot formation.
Choice B rationale:
Formation of fibrous plaque in the endothelium is a progression that occurs after the initial development of fatty streaks. Fibrous plaques are formed as a response to the inflammation caused by fatty deposits. They are more stable than fatty streaks but can still lead to narrowing of the arteries.
Choice C rationale:
Reduction of blood flow through the coronary arteries is a consequence of atherosclerosis, which occurs after the initial development of fatty streaks. As the fatty deposits accumulate, they narrow the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. However, this is not the initial change that makes patients susceptible to CAD.
Choice D rationale:
Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium is the initial change that occurs in the development of atherosclerosis, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease. Fatty streaks are composed of lipid-laden macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Over time, these fatty streaks can progress into fibrous plaques and eventually lead to complications such as thrombus formation and reduced blood flow.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The base does interact with acids in the acid-base balance. Bases, by definition, are substances that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) and neutralize acids. In the context of acid-base balance, bases help regulate the pH of body fluids by counteracting the effects of acids.
Choice B rationale:
The role of the base in the acid-base balance is to promote the excretion of acid. Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) are a vital component of the body's buffering system, helping to neutralize excess acid. The kidneys play a crucial role in excreting acids from the body, maintaining the acid-base balance.
Choice C rationale:
The base does not activate the system of acid-base balance; instead, it is part of the body's natural buffering system. The acid-base balance is regulated by the lungs and kidneys, which work together to maintain the pH of body fluids within a narrow range (7.35-7.45)
Choice D rationale:
Bases do not increase the action of hydrogen ions. In fact, bases neutralize hydrogen ions, which are acidic. By accepting these ions, bases help to decrease the acidity of a solution, playing a key role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance.
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