Individuals with diabetes are also at increased risk for developing infection due to hyperglycemia related to microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications due to:
Excess protein in the blood provides an optimal environment for some pathogens, allowing rapid proliferation.
Excess glucose in blood provides an optimal environment for some pathogens, allowing rapid proliferation.
They produce less White Blood cells.
White Blood Cell destruction and high levels of glycosylated hemoglobin prevent release of oxygen to the tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: While protein metabolism can be affected in diabetes, excess protein in the blood is not the primary mechanism increasing infection risk. Pathogens generally thrive more in high-glucose environments rather than high-protein conditions.
Choice B reason: Excess glucose in the blood creates an optimal environment for many pathogens to proliferate rapidly. High blood sugar levels weaken the immune system by impairing the function of white blood cells, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. This is particularly significant in the microvascular and macrovascular systems where the blood vessels can become damaged, further compromising immune response.
Choice C reason: Diabetic individuals do not necessarily produce fewer white blood cells. However, the functionality of these cells can be impaired by hyperglycemia, reducing their ability to fight off infections effectively.
Choice D reason: While high levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) indicate poor blood sugar control over a long period, the destruction of white blood cells is not the primary reason for increased infection risk. The issue lies more with the impaired function of white blood cells and the conducive environment that excess glucose provides for pathogens.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Gestational diabetes is indeed due to insulin resistance. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the body's cells to become less responsive to insulin, leading to higher blood glucose levels.
Choice B reason: In gestational diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance caused by pregnancy hormones. This insufficient insulin production leads to elevated blood glucose levels.
Choice C reason: Gestational diabetes is not permanent. It specifically occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after the baby is born. However, women who have had gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Choice D reason: Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. It is diagnosed when blood glucose levels are elevated in a pregnant woman who did not have diabetes before pregnancy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Oliguria refers to the production of abnormally small amounts of urine. While it can occur in dehydration, it does not specifically indicate concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine.
Choice B reason: Dehydration often leads to concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine. When the body is dehydrated, the kidneys conserve water, resulting in less urine that is more concentrated with waste products, giving it a darker color and stronger smell.
Choice C reason: Increased fluid volume would typically result in dilute urine, which is pale and has a less strong odor. Therefore, it is not associated with concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine.
Choice D reason: Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. While it can lead to various symptoms, it is not specifically associated with concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine.
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