Isky, a 65-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital after experiencing sudden weakness and numbness on the right side of her body, along with difficulty speaking. Upon examination, she is diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. Isky has a medical history that includes hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. What is the most significant risk factor for ischemic stroke in Isky’s case?
Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Age
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Smoking is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke, contributing to vascular damage. However, hypertension has a stronger association, directly causing arterial stress and clot formation, so this is less critical than hypertension.
Choice B reason: Diabetes increases stroke risk by promoting atherosclerosis, but its impact is less immediate than hypertension, which directly elevates arterial pressure and stroke likelihood. Thus, diabetes is incorrect as the most significant factor.
Choice C reason: Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for ischemic stroke, as it damages arteries, promotes clot formation, and increases stroke incidence. Isky’s history highlights this as the primary contributor, making it correct.
Choice D reason: Age (65) is a stroke risk factor, but hypertension’s direct impact on vascular health outweighs age alone. Isky’s controllable risk factor, hypertension, is more significant, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Red blood cells are not a direct measure of inflammation; they assess anemia or oxygen-carrying capacity. Inflammation is measured by WBC, ESR, and fever, which reflect immune activity and systemic response, so this is incorrect for inflammation measurement.
Choice B reason: White blood cells (WBC) increase during inflammation (leukocytosis), indicating immune activation. This is a standard laboratory measure of inflammatory processes, making it a correct choice for assessing inflammation in clinical practice.
Choice C reason: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures how quickly red blood cells settle, rising with inflammation due to increased proteins. It’s a common marker for inflammatory conditions, making it a correct selection for measuring inflammation.
Choice D reason: Fever is a clinical sign of inflammation, driven by cytokines like IL-6. It’s a systemic response measured via temperature, making it a correct choice for assessing inflammation alongside laboratory markers like WBC and ESR.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, regulating neural activity. Unlike dobutamine, a synthetic drug, GABA naturally transmits signals across synapses, so this is incorrect as the non-neurotransmitter.
Choice B reason: Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamine neurotransmitters, critical for autonomic and central nervous system signaling. Dobutamine is not a neurotransmitter, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in reward, movement, and mood. Dobutamine, a cardiac medication, does not function as a neurotransmitter, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Dobutamine is a synthetic beta-agonist for heart failure, not a neurotransmitter. GABA, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine transmit neural signals, making dobutamine the correct exception.
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