Isky, a 65-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital after experiencing sudden weakness and numbness on the right side of her body, along with difficulty speaking. Upon examination, she is diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. Isky has a medical history that includes hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. What is the most significant risk factor for ischemic stroke in Isky’s case?
Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Age
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Smoking is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke, contributing to vascular damage. However, hypertension has a stronger association, directly causing arterial stress and clot formation, so this is less critical than hypertension.
Choice B reason: Diabetes increases stroke risk by promoting atherosclerosis, but its impact is less immediate than hypertension, which directly elevates arterial pressure and stroke likelihood. Thus, diabetes is incorrect as the most significant factor.
Choice C reason: Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for ischemic stroke, as it damages arteries, promotes clot formation, and increases stroke incidence. Isky’s history highlights this as the primary contributor, making it correct.
Choice D reason: Age (65) is a stroke risk factor, but hypertension’s direct impact on vascular health outweighs age alone. Isky’s controllable risk factor, hypertension, is more significant, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Linking high potassium to kidney function risk is inaccurate; hyperkalemia primarily affects cardiac and neuromuscular function. Numbness, tingling, or weakness are direct symptoms, making this statement less relevant for patient education and incorrect.
Choice B reason: Changing IV fluids may be a treatment but doesn’t explain the issue or engage the patient. Asking to report numbness, tingling, or weakness directly addresses hyperkalemia symptoms, making this less appropriate and incorrect.
Choice C reason: High potassium (6.1 mEq/L) can cause numbness, tingling, or weakness. Instructing the patient to report these symptoms ensures early detection of worsening hyperkalemia, making this the correct, patient-centered statement for education.
Choice D reason: Palpitations may occur, but numbness, tingling, and weakness are more specific to hyperkalemia’s neuromuscular effects. “Quick beating” is less precise for heart rhythm issues, so this is incorrect compared to option c.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count (<150,000/mm³), not >100,000/mm³, which may still be normal or low-normal. A count <150,000 defines the condition, so this is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count less than 150,000/mm³, increasing bleeding risk. This accurately describes the condition, making it the correct choice for the definition.
Choice C reason: Thrombocytopenia causes bleeding, not increased clotting, due to low platelets. Clotting issues arise from high platelets, so this is incorrect for thrombocytopenia’s effects.
Choice D reason: Thrombocytopenia results from decreased platelet production or increased destruction, not increased production. Low platelet count defines it, so this is incorrect for the cause.
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