What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply)
Lethargy
Constipation
Restlessness
Intolerance to heat
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Lethargy is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism, resulting from slowed metabolism due to low thyroid hormone levels. It leads to fatigue and reduced energy, aligning with hypothyroid symptoms, making it a correct choice for clinical manifestations.
Choice B reason: Constipation is a hallmark of hypothyroidism, caused by decreased gastrointestinal motility from low thyroid hormone. This digestive slowing is a frequent complaint, making it a correct selection for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Choice C reason: Restlessness is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism, which causes lethargy and slowed activity. Hypothyroid patients lack the agitation seen in hyperthyroid states, so this is incorrect for hypothyroidism manifestations.
Choice D reason: Intolerance to heat is a hyperthyroidism symptom, not hypothyroidism, where patients experience cold intolerance due to slowed metabolism. This is opposite to hypothyroid effects, so it’s incorrect for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Polycythemia involves an increased erythrocyte count, not a decrease. A low erythrocyte count causes anemia, leading to fatigue or hypoxia, not the neurological symptoms like headaches or dizziness seen in polycythemia, making this an incorrect cause.
Choice B reason: Tissue destruction by macrophages is not a primary feature of polycythemia. It may occur in inflammatory conditions, but polycythemia’s neurological symptoms stem from blood flow changes, not macrophage activity, making this an incorrect cause.
Choice C reason: Increased blood viscosity, due to elevated red blood cell mass in polycythemia, impairs cerebral blood flow, causing neurological symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and confusion. This sluggish circulation directly affects brain perfusion, making it the primary cause of these symptoms.
Choice D reason: Hypoxia occurs in conditions with inadequate oxygen delivery, like anemia or lung disease. Polycythemia increases oxygen-carrying capacity but causes symptoms due to viscous blood flow, not hypoxia, making this an incorrect primary cause.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The nasal compartment refers to the nasal cavity, not specific colored areas. Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities around the nose, often highlighted in anatomical diagrams, making this an incorrect term for the described structures.
Choice B reason: Paranasal sinuses, including frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses, are air-filled cavities around the nasal cavity, often colored in anatomical images. This matches the question’s reference to colored areas, making it the correct term.
Choice C reason: Runny nose describes a symptom (rhinorrhea), not anatomical structures. The question refers to colored areas, likely in a diagram, which aligns with sinuses, not a clinical condition, making this an incorrect choice.
Choice D reason: Olfactory bulbs are neural structures for smell, located above the nasal cavity, not typically colored as distinct areas in sinus diagrams. Paranasal sinuses are the highlighted structures, making this an incorrect term for the described areas.
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