Which of the following are stages of Alzheimer’s Disease? (Select all that apply)
Initial change is subtle – Short-term memory loss, mild changes in personality, randomly forget important and unimportant details
Moderate stage – Global impairment of cognitive functioning, no change in higher cortical functioning needed for language, spatial relationships, and problem solving, disorientation, lack of insight, and inability to carry out the activities of daily living, extreme confusion
Moderate stage – Global impairment of cognitive functioning, changes in higher cortical functioning needed for language, spatial relationships, and problem solving, disorientation, lack of insight, and inability to carry out the activities of daily living, extreme confusion
Severe stage – A loss of ability to respond to the environment, require total care, bedridden
Initial change is subtle – Long-term memory loss, mild changes in personality, randomly forget important and unimportant details
Severe stage – A slight loss of ability to respond to the environment, require total care, bedridden
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason: The initial stage of Alzheimer’s involves subtle short-term memory loss, mild personality changes, and forgetting details. This accurately describes early disease progression, aligning with clinical staging, making it a correct choice for Alzheimer’s stages.
Choice B reason: The moderate stage includes impaired higher cortical functions (language, spatial skills), not “no change.” This incorrect description of cognitive decline makes it an inaccurate choice for Alzheimer’s moderate stage characteristics.
Choice C reason: The moderate stage involves global cognitive impairment, including language and spatial deficits, disorientation, and inability to perform daily activities. This accurate description of moderate Alzheimer’s makes it a correct choice for the disease’s stages.
Choice D reason: The severe stage of Alzheimer’s includes loss of environmental response, requiring total care and often bedridden status. This reflects advanced disease progression, making it a correct selection for Alzheimer’s stages.
Choice E reason: Initial Alzheimer’s affects short-term, not long-term, memory. Long-term memory loss occurs later, so this inaccurate description of the initial stage makes it incorrect for Alzheimer’s early manifestations.
Choice F reason: The severe stage involves complete, not slight, loss of environmental response. This underestimation of severe Alzheimer’s dependency and disability makes it incorrect for the disease’s advanced stage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The egg would not stay the same size, as ocean water is hypertonic (higher salinity) compared to Lake Michigan’s fresh water. Osmotic differences drive water movement into the egg, causing swelling, making this an incorrect prediction.
Choice B reason: “None of the above” is incorrect, as the egg will swell due to osmosis. Fresh water in Lake Michigan has lower solute concentration than the egg’s cytoplasm, causing water influx, making this an invalid choice.
Choice C reason: The sea star egg will swell in Lake Michigan’s fresh water, which is hypotonic to the egg’s hypertonic cytoplasm. Water moves into the egg via osmosis, increasing its volume, making this the correct prediction for the egg’s response.
Choice D reason: The egg would shrink in a hypertonic environment, like concentrated saltwater, not fresh water. Lake Michigan’s hypotonic fresh water causes water influx, not loss, making shrinking an incorrect outcome for the egg.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hallucinations are positive symptoms of schizophrenia, involving sensory experiences not based in reality, like hearing voices. Negative symptoms involve deficits, such as reduced emotional expression or social engagement. Since hallucinations add to experience, they are not negative, making this incorrect for negative symptoms.
Choice B reason: Apathy, a lack of motivation or interest, is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, reflecting diminished emotional and behavioral responses. It aligns with deficits in normal functioning, a hallmark of negative symptoms, making it a correct choice for this category of schizophrenia manifestations.
Choice C reason: Absence of normal social and interpersonal behaviors, such as social withdrawal, is a negative symptom, indicating reduced engagement and interaction. This deficit in typical social functioning is characteristic of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, making it a correct selection for this question.
Choice D reason: Sensory overload from impaired sensory filtering is not a standard negative symptom; it’s more related to cognitive or positive symptoms like hallucinations. Negative symptoms involve reduced behaviors, like apathy, so this is incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia.
Choice E reason: Anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, is a negative symptom, reflecting a deficit in emotional response. It is a core feature of reduced functioning in schizophrenia, aligning with negative symptom criteria, making it a correct choice for this question.
Choice F reason: Incomprehensible speech, such as disorganized speech, is a positive symptom, adding disordered communication to the patient’s experience. Negative symptoms involve reduced behaviors, like social withdrawal, so this is incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia.
Choice G reason: Delusions, false beliefs, are positive symptoms, adding to the patient’s mental experience. Negative symptoms involve deficits, such as lack of motivation, not added beliefs. This makes delusions incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia manifestations.
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