Which of the following are stages of Alzheimer’s Disease? (Select all that apply)
Initial change is subtle – Short-term memory loss, mild changes in personality, randomly forget important and unimportant details
Moderate stage – Global impairment of cognitive functioning, no change in higher cortical functioning needed for language, spatial relationships, and problem solving, disorientation, lack of insight, and inability to carry out the activities of daily living, extreme confusion
Moderate stage – Global impairment of cognitive functioning, changes in higher cortical functioning needed for language, spatial relationships, and problem solving, disorientation, lack of insight, and inability to carry out the activities of daily living, extreme confusion
Severe stage – A loss of ability to respond to the environment, require total care, bedridden
Initial change is subtle – Long-term memory loss, mild changes in personality, randomly forget important and unimportant details
Severe stage – A slight loss of ability to respond to the environment, require total care, bedridden
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason: The initial stage of Alzheimer’s involves subtle short-term memory loss, mild personality changes, and forgetting details. This accurately describes early disease progression, aligning with clinical staging, making it a correct choice for Alzheimer’s stages.
Choice B reason: The moderate stage includes impaired higher cortical functions (language, spatial skills), not “no change.” This incorrect description of cognitive decline makes it an inaccurate choice for Alzheimer’s moderate stage characteristics.
Choice C reason: The moderate stage involves global cognitive impairment, including language and spatial deficits, disorientation, and inability to perform daily activities. This accurate description of moderate Alzheimer’s makes it a correct choice for the disease’s stages.
Choice D reason: The severe stage of Alzheimer’s includes loss of environmental response, requiring total care and often bedridden status. This reflects advanced disease progression, making it a correct selection for Alzheimer’s stages.
Choice E reason: Initial Alzheimer’s affects short-term, not long-term, memory. Long-term memory loss occurs later, so this inaccurate description of the initial stage makes it incorrect for Alzheimer’s early manifestations.
Choice F reason: The severe stage involves complete, not slight, loss of environmental response. This underestimation of severe Alzheimer’s dependency and disability makes it incorrect for the disease’s advanced stage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperperfusion, or excessive renal blood flow, is not a common cause of prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI results from reduced renal perfusion, like hypovolemia or hypotension, not increased flow, making this an incorrect cause for the condition.
Choice B reason: Ischemia, due to reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock, is the most common cause of prerenal AKI. It impairs glomerular filtration, leading to acute renal dysfunction, reversible with restored perfusion, making this the correct cause.
Choice C reason: Nephrotoxic drugs cause intrinsic AKI by directly damaging renal tubules, not prerenal AKI, which stems from reduced blood flow. While significant, nephrotoxicity is less common than ischemic causes in prerenal AKI, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Urinary tract obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine outflow, not prerenal AKI, which involves pre-renal hypoperfusion. Obstruction is a distinct mechanism, less frequent than ischemia in prerenal cases, making this an incorrect cause.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete break where one side of the bone bends, common in children. A complete fracture fully breaks the bone into separate pieces, making this an incorrect comparison to a complete fracture.
Choice B reason: A bone damaged but in one piece describes an incomplete fracture, like a stress or greenstick fracture. A complete fracture involves a full break with separated fragments, making this an incorrect description of a complete fracture.
Choice C reason: A spiral fracture is a type of complete fracture caused by twisting forces, but not all complete fractures are spiral. Complete fractures broadly involve full bone separation, making this a partially correct but overly specific comparison.
Choice D reason: A complete fracture is when the bone is broken all the way through, separating into two or more fragments. This distinguishes it from incomplete fractures, aligning with the definition, making this the correct explanation.
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