Jane, diagnosed with diabetes 10 years ago, develops visual impairment, primarily because of:
Microvascular changes in the eye
Development of exophthalmos
Abnormal metabolism in the lens
Cataract development
The Correct Answer is A
A. Diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes, is caused by microvascular changes in the eye. Chronic high blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, leading to visual impairment. This is the most common cause of visual impairment in people with long-standing diabetes.
B. Exophthalmos is typically associated with thyroid disorders, particularly Graves' disease, not diabetes.
C. Abnormal metabolism in the lens can lead to cataracts, but it is not the primary cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients.
D. Cataracts are more common in people with diabetes, but they are not the primary cause of visual impairment in diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy due to microvascular damage is the leading cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. One test is not definitive is the correct answer. The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging. There is no single test that can definitively diagnose RA, as many of the tests (e.g., RF, ANA, ESR) can be positive in other conditions as well.
B. A positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) is not specific for rheumatoid arthritis and can be seen in other autoimmune diseases.
C. A positive rheumatoid factor (RF) can be found in some individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not definitive, as it can also be positive in other diseases or even in healthy individuals.
D. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and can be elevated in many conditions, including infections, cancers, and other autoimmune diseases. It is useful for monitoring disease activity but not for diagnosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Inhaling toxic fumes can cause damage to the lungs and airways, leading to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, triggering acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
B. Severe lung infections, such as pneumonia, can lead to ARDS due to widespread inflammation and fluid in the lungs, which impairs gas exchange.
C. All of these can trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome. ARDS can be caused by a variety of factors, including inhalation of toxic fumes, severe lung infections, and aspiration of stomach contents, all of which can lead to inflammation and damage to the lung tissue.
D. Aspirating stomach contents into the lungs can lead to aspiration pneumonia, which can cause ARDS due to the inflammatory response in the lungs.
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