Jane, diagnosed with diabetes 10 years ago, develops visual impairment, primarily because of:
Microvascular changes in the eye
Development of exophthalmos
Abnormal metabolism in the lens
Cataract development
The Correct Answer is A
A. Diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes, is caused by microvascular changes in the eye. Chronic high blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, leading to visual impairment. This is the most common cause of visual impairment in people with long-standing diabetes.
B. Exophthalmos is typically associated with thyroid disorders, particularly Graves' disease, not diabetes.
C. Abnormal metabolism in the lens can lead to cataracts, but it is not the primary cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients.
D. Cataracts are more common in people with diabetes, but they are not the primary cause of visual impairment in diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy due to microvascular damage is the leading cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients typically lose more salt through sweat, so they need extra salt in their diet, not a restriction. Restricting salt is not recommended for CF patients.
B. Limiting fluid intake is not appropriate for CF patients, as they often require adequate hydration to help thin mucus and improve respiratory function.
C. CF patients need a high-calorie, high-fat, and high-protein diet to support their increased metabolic demands and to help with nutrient absorption, as they often have malabsorption issues. Low-fat meals are not recommended.
D. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is essential for CF patients because their pancreas does not produce enough enzymes to properly digest food. These enzymes should be taken with meals and snacks to aid digestion and nutrient absorption.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Both Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) can cause lymph node enlargement in various locations, including the neck. The location of the lymph nodes alone does not differentiate between the two types of lymphoma.
B. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells is a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma. These abnormal cells are typically found in the lymph nodes of patients with HL and are a key diagnostic feature.
C. Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults and older adults, but it can occur at any age. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma has a broader age distribution and can affect individuals of all ages, so age alone is not a distinguishing factor.
D. Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma can spread to the spleen, liver, and bone marrow, so the spread of disease alone is not specific to either type of lymphoma. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells is the key diagnostic feature for Hodgkin lymphoma.
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