Leadership is an interactive process that provides needed guidance and direction.

Choice A reason: This choice suggests evaluating the evidence before searching the literature, which is not the correct order for creating an evidence-based question. The literature search should come after developing the question to find relevant evidence.

Choice B reason: This is the correct sequence. Developing a PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time) question provides a structured framework for the inquiry. Searching the literature follows to find evidence that answers the PICOT question. The evidence is then evaluated for quality and relevance, applied in practice, and finally, the outcomes/results are evaluated to assess the impact.

Choice C reason: Evaluating the outcomes/results before searching the literature is not logical, as the outcomes can only be evaluated after the evidence has been applied in practice.

Choice D reason: Searching the literature should be guided by the PICOT question, so it is not the first step. The question helps to focus the literature search on obtaining specific evidence needed to answer the clinical question.

Choice A reason:

Error reporting free from penalty is essential for a culture of safety. It encourages staff to report mistakes without fear of retribution, allowing for the identification and correction of system issues that could lead to errors.

Choice B reason:

Hazing a coworker is not an example of creating a culture of safety. It is a harmful practice that undermines trust and respect, which are crucial for a safe work environment.

Choice C reason:

Becoming a mentor to a new nurse is a positive example of creating a culture of safety. Mentorship supports the development of competence and confidence, which contributes to safer patient care.

Choice D reason:

Open communication and clear expectations are fundamental to a culture of safety. They ensure that everyone understands their roles and responsibilities and feels comfortable speaking up about concerns.