When discussing population health, which theoretical link includes determinants such as biology, genetics, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment, and health services?

Choice A reason:

Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems enhance safety by reducing medication errors and improving the efficiency of the ordering process. They allow direct entry of medical orders into a computer system, which can then be checked for potential errors or interactions.

Choice B reason:

Barcodes are used to ensure the correct patient receives the correct medication and dosage. By scanning the barcode on the patient's wristband and the medication, it helps prevent errors and enhances patient safety.

Choice C reason:

Medication pumps, especially those that are "smart" or computerized, can reduce the risk of medication errors. They allow precise control over the administration of drugs, reducing the chances of overdose or underdose.

Choice D reason:

Patient-sitters, while they provide valuable monitoring and support for patients, are not a technology. They are individuals who assist with patient care and safety, but they do not fall under the category of safety-enhancing technologies like the other options listed.

Choice A reason: Organizational ethics refer to the values, standards, and norms that guide the behavior of individuals within an organization. While important, they are not typically encapsulated by laws or legal standards.

Choice B reason: Personal ethics are the principles that an individual holds about what is right and wrong. These are subjective and vary from person to person, and do not usually have the formal backing of law.

Choice C reason: Societal ethics are the moral guidelines observed by a society or culture. They can influence laws and regulations but are broader in scope, including unwritten social norms.

Choice D reason: Professional ethics are the correct answer because they are codified in laws, legal standards, and regulatory parameters. They provide a framework for professional conduct and are enforced by professional bodies to ensure accountability and integrity within a profession.