Loss of body heat that occurs through submersion in cold water is an example of which of the following?
Evaporation
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
The Correct Answer is C
A. Evaporation is the process by which heat is lost as a liquid (like sweat) turns into a gas. This is not applicable in the case of submersion in cold water, as evaporation only occurs when moisture is on the skin and exposed to air.
B. Convection refers to the transfer of heat through the movement of air or fluids. While cold water can create a convection effect on the body, the primary heat loss in water is due to conduction rather than convection.
C. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another through physical contact. When the body is submerged in cold water, heat is lost to the water through conduction, as the colder water draws heat away from the body.
D. Radiation refers to heat loss through infrared radiation, typically when the body releases heat into the surrounding air. This is not the primary method of heat loss in cold water.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to child, either during pregnancy or through breast milk. This is not related to having the disease.
B. Artificial passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies from an external source, such as through antibody-containing blood products, to provide immediate protection against a disease.
C. Natural active immunity is acquired when an individual is exposed to a pathogen and the immune system responds by producing antibodies and memory cells. This type of immunity occurs after contracting the disease.
D. Artificial active immunity is gained through vaccination, where a person is exposed to a harmless form of the pathogen (such as inactivated or attenuated form), prompting the immune system to create a defense without causing illness.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cardiac index is a measure of cardiac output adjusted for body surface area. It provides a more individualized view of heart function but does not specifically refer to the amount of blood ejected during each contraction.
B. Cardiac output refers to the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. However, it describes the total blood output over time, not the blood ejected per contraction.
C. Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction. It is a key measurement of heart function.
D. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood in the left ventricle that is ejected during each contraction. While related to stroke volume, it is a ratio rather than the actual volume of blood ejected.
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