A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of lymphoma to a group of nursing students.
What key process occurs in the development of lymphoma?
Lymphocytes undergo apoptosis and eliminate the tumor cells.
Altered lymphocytes proliferate and form a tumor mass.
The tumor mass inhibits angiogenesis.
The tumor cells are unable to spread beyond the lymphatic system.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Lymphoma is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes, not their apoptosis.
In lymphoma, lymphocytes become altered and undergo uncontrolled growth, leading to the formation of a tumor mass.
Choice B rationale:
This is the correct answer.
In lymphoma, altered lymphocytes proliferate and form a tumor mass.
This abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes is a key process in the development of lymphoma.
Choice C rationale:
The tumor mass in lymphoma does not inhibit angiogenesis.
In fact, it may induce angiogenesis to supply nutrients to the growing tumor.
Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels, and it is often seen in tumors to ensure their blood supply.
Choice D rationale:
Lymphoma tumor cells can spread beyond the lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
This spread is a significant concern in lymphoma, as it can lead to metastasis.
Therefore, this statement is not accurate.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Monitor the patient's dietary intake.
Lymphoma patients often experience weight loss and weakness due to the effects of the disease and its treatment, including anorexia and nausea.
Monitoring the patient's dietary intake is essential to assess nutritional status, identify any deficiencies, and develop an appropriate nutritional plan.
It helps ensure that the patient receives adequate nutrients and calories to support their healing process.
Choice B rationale:
Administer intravenous fluids as prescribed.
While hydration is important, administering intravenous fluids should not be the first-line intervention for weight loss and weakness in a lymphoma patient.
Intravenous fluids may be necessary in cases of dehydration, but they do not address the underlying nutritional issues.
Other interventions, such as dietary modifications and supplements, should be considered first.
Choice C rationale:
Advise the patient to eat spicy and fatty foods.
Advising the patient to eat spicy and fatty foods is not appropriate for a patient with lymphoma who is experiencing weight loss and weakness.
Such foods can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms, leading to discomfort and further decreased food intake.
The focus should be on providing a balanced and nutritious diet.
Choice D rationale:
Recommend avoiding high-calorie foods.
Avoiding high-calorie foods is not advisable for a lymphoma patient experiencing weight loss and weakness.
These patients often require extra calories to combat weight loss and support their energy needs during treatment.
Encouraging a healthy intake of calories from nutritious sources is more appropriate.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Lumbar puncture is not typically part of the routine diagnostic evaluation for lymphoma.
Lymphoma primarily affects the lymphatic system and peripheral blood, so cerebrospinal fluid analysis (which is obtained through lumbar puncture) is generally not required unless there is a specific suspicion of central nervous system involvement.
It is more commonly used in the evaluation of neurological conditions, infections, or conditions affecting the central nervous system.
Choice B rationale:
Bone marrow biopsy is commonly included in the diagnostic workup for lymphoma because it helps assess the extent of bone marrow involvement, which is essential for staging and treatment planning.
Choice C rationale:
Chest X-ray is often performed as part of the initial evaluation for lymphoma, especially to check for mediastinal lymph node enlargement or lung involvement.
Choice D rationale:
Blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry, are routinely performed in the diagnostic process for lymphoma.
These tests can provide valuable information about the patient's overall health, including potential abnormalities in blood cell counts and markers of organ function.
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