The diabetic ketoacidosis associated with insulin deficiency is related to:
Extracellular hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Use of fat and protein as an energy source
Increased cellular metabolism of glucose
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Extracellular hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels outside the cells. While hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), it is not the direct cause of the condition. DKA occurs when the body cannot use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin, leading to the breakdown of fat and protein for energy, which produces ketones and causes acidosis.
Choice B Reason:
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, DKA is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia is a separate condition that can occur in individuals with diabetes, particularly if they take too much insulin or skip meals.
Choice C Reason:
The use of fat and protein as an energy source is the primary mechanism behind diabetic ketoacidosis. When insulin is deficient, the body cannot utilize glucose for energy. As a result, it breaks down fat and protein to produce energy. This process generates ketones, which are acidic and lead to the development of ketoacidosis.
Choice D Reason:
Increased cellular metabolism of glucose is not related to diabetic ketoacidosis. In DKA, the problem is that cells cannot use glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin. Instead, the body resorts to breaking down fat and protein for energy, leading to the production of ketones and acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Adequate oxygenation is important in managing vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, but the replacement of factor V is not relevant to this condition. Factor V is involved in the blood clotting process, and its replacement is typically associated with bleeding disorders such as hemophilia. Therefore, this choice is not appropriate for managing a vaso-occlusive crisis.
Choice B reason:
Adequate hydration and pain management are critical components of care for a child in vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Hydration helps to reduce the viscosity of the blood, which can prevent further sickling of red blood cells and improve blood flow. Pain management is essential because vaso-occlusive crises are extremely painful and require prompt and effective pain relief, often with opioid analgesics. These measures help to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
Choice C reason:
Pain management is indeed a crucial aspect of care for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, but the administration of heparin is not typically part of the treatment. Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots, and it is not indicated for managing vaso-occlusive crises. The focus should be on hydration and pain relief rather than anticoagulation.
Choice D reason:
Correction of acidosis may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the primary focus of care for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. The main goals are to manage pain and ensure adequate hydration to improve blood flow and reduce the risk of further sickling of red blood cells. While addressing acidosis can be part of the overall management, it is not the primary intervention.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Weight loss despite increased eating is a classic symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. This occurs because the body is unable to use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin. As a result, the body starts breaking down fat and muscle for energy, leading to weight loss even though the child may have an increased appetite.
Choice B Reason:
Pale, moist skin is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This symptom is more commonly related to conditions such as anemia or infections. In type 1 diabetes, the skin may actually appear dry due to dehydration caused by high blood sugar levels.
Choice C Reason:
Weight gain and fluid overload are not characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, children with type 1 diabetes often experience weight loss. Fluid overload is more commonly seen in conditions such as heart failure or kidney disease.
Choice D Reason:
Poor sleep with frequent awakening is not a specific symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus. While children with diabetes may experience nocturia (frequent urination at night) due to high blood sugar levels, this is not the primary clinical manifestation. The main symptoms are related to hyperglycemia and the body’s inability to use glucose for energy.
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