The diabetic ketoacidosis associated with insulin deficiency is related to:
Extracellular hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Use of fat and protein as an energy source
Increased cellular metabolism of glucose
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Extracellular hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels outside the cells. While hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), it is not the direct cause of the condition. DKA occurs when the body cannot use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin, leading to the breakdown of fat and protein for energy, which produces ketones and causes acidosis.
Choice B Reason:
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, DKA is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia is a separate condition that can occur in individuals with diabetes, particularly if they take too much insulin or skip meals.
Choice C Reason:
The use of fat and protein as an energy source is the primary mechanism behind diabetic ketoacidosis. When insulin is deficient, the body cannot utilize glucose for energy. As a result, it breaks down fat and protein to produce energy. This process generates ketones, which are acidic and lead to the development of ketoacidosis.
Choice D Reason:
Increased cellular metabolism of glucose is not related to diabetic ketoacidosis. In DKA, the problem is that cells cannot use glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin. Instead, the body resorts to breaking down fat and protein for energy, leading to the production of ketones and acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Bacteriuria, or the presence of bacteria in the urine, is not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is primarily an inflammatory condition affecting the glomeruli of the kidneys, and it does not usually involve bacterial infection. Increased specific gravity can occur due to concentrated urine, but bacteriuria is not a characteristic finding.
Choice B reason:
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, and mild to moderate proteinuria are characteristic findings in acute glomerulonephritis. Hematuria occurs due to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, allowing red blood cells to pass into the urine. Proteinuria results from the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, allowing proteins to leak into the urine. These findings are key indicators of glomerular inflammation and damage.
Choice C reason:
While proteinuria can be present in acute glomerulonephritis, bacteriuria is not a typical finding. The condition is primarily inflammatory rather than infectious, so the presence of bacteria in the urine is not expected. The focus should be on the inflammatory markers such as hematuria and proteinuria.
Choice D reason:
High levels of proteinuria and decreased specific gravity are not typical findings in acute glomerulonephritis. While proteinuria can occur, it is usually mild to moderate rather than high. Specific gravity may be increased due to concentrated urine, but decreased specific gravity is not a characteristic finding of this condition.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is c. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Choice A reason:
Aspirin was once commonly used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but it is no longer the first-line treatment due to its potential side effects, such as gastrointestinal issues and Reye’s syndrome in children. While it can still be used in some cases, it is not the preferred initial treatment.
Choice B Reason:
Corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation and controlling symptoms of JIA, but they are not typically used as the first-line treatment due to their potential side effects, including weight gain, growth suppression, and increased risk of infections. They are usually reserved for more severe cases or when other treatments have failed.
Choice C Reason:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually the first-line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. They help reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and improve joint function. NSAIDs are generally well-tolerated and have a long track record of safety and effectiveness in managing JIA.
Choice D Reason:
Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid Drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, are used in the treatment of JIA, but they are not typically the first-line treatment. DMARDs are often prescribed when NSAIDs are not sufficient to control the symptoms or when the disease is more severe. They help slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage.
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