Of all the following malignant skin cancers, which one is the most common?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Actinic keratosis

Kaposi sarcoma

Melanoma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the squamous cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. It usually appears as a scaly, red, or crusty patch or lump that may bleed or ulcerate. It is the second most common type of skin cancer, after basal cell carcinoma, but it is less common than melanoma.

Choice B reason: Actinic keratosis is a skin condition that causes rough, scaly, or crusty patches or spots on the skin that are usually caused by sun exposure. It is not a type of skin cancer, but it is considered a precancerous lesion, as it can sometimes develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.

Choice C reason: Kaposi sarcoma is a rare type of skin cancer that causes purple, red, or brown patches or nodules on the skin or mucous membranes. It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and it mainly affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplants.

Choice D reason: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin that gives the skin its color. It usually appears as a mole or a new or changing spot on the skin that may have an irregular shape, color, or border. It is the most common type of skin cancer, and also the most serious, as it can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Over-the-counter NSAIDs are generally harmless is not a true statement, as NSAIDs can cause serious adverse effects in older adults, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, hypertension, and heart failure. NSAIDs should be used with caution and under medical supervision in older adults.

Choice B reason: Stool softeners and laxatives should be used with opioids is a true statement, as opioids can cause constipation in older adults, which can lead to discomfort, abdominal pain, fecal impaction, and bowel obstruction. Stool softeners and laxatives can help prevent and treat constipation and promote regular bowel movements.

Choice C reason: Opioids are less effective in older clients than in younger clients is not a true statement, as opioids can have the same or even greater analgesic effect in older adults, depending on the dose, route, and duration of administration. However, opioids can also cause more side effects in older adults, such as sedation, confusion, respiratory depression, and falls. Opioids should be used with caution and under medical supervision in older adults.

Choice D reason: The dose limit for acetaminophen is difficult to reach for older adults is not a true statement, as older adults may be more susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity, especially if they have liver disease, malnutrition, or chronic alcohol use. The dose limit for acetaminophen is 4 grams per day for adults, but it may be lower for older adults or those with risk factors. Acetaminophen should be used with caution and under medical supervision in older adults.

A. Heart failure B. Functional impairments C. Longitudinal furrows on the tongue D. Hypertension E. Diabetes

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, which can lead to dehydration if the fluid is not properly balanced.

Choice B reason: Functional impairments can limit the ability to drink or access fluids, which can increase the risk of dehydration.

Choice C reason: Longitudinal furrows on the tongue are a sign of dehydration, as the tongue loses moisture and becomes dry and cracked.

Choice D reason: Hypertension is not directly related to dehydration, although it can be affected by fluid intake and electrolyte balance.

Choice E reason: Diabetes can cause increased urination, which can lead to dehydration if the fluid loss is not replaced.

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Of all the following malignant skin cancers, which one is the most common?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following statements is true about analgesic medications for older adults?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

When assessing an older male client, what are some issues that might put him at risk for dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Which of the following statements is true about Parkinson disease (PD)?

A nurse measures an older adult's blood pressure on the right arm and notes a reading of 150/100. The nurse waits 5 minutes and measures the blood pressure again in the right arm and obtains a reading of 152/100. What is the next action by the nurse?

An older adult who has been diagnosed with COPD wants to perform self-care activities. Which instruction should the nurse include in client teaching to help achieve this goal?

A nurse is providing an educational session on vaccines to a group of older adults. The nurse is discussing the zoster vaccine Shingrix. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the education?

An older adult is diagnosed to be in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. The diagnosis is made on the presence of which of the following outcomes? (Select all that apply.)

Which factor is commonly associated with the development of cardiovascular comorbidities for those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?

After an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse prepares an older adult for discharge to home. Which is the most important client teaching for the nurse to include for the prevention of hospitalizations for exacerbations of COPD?