Of all the following malignant skin cancers, which one is the most common?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Actinic keratosis

Kaposi sarcoma

Melanoma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the squamous cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. It usually appears as a scaly, red, or crusty patch or lump that may bleed or ulcerate. It is the second most common type of skin cancer, after basal cell carcinoma, but it is less common than melanoma.

Choice B reason: Actinic keratosis is a skin condition that causes rough, scaly, or crusty patches or spots on the skin that are usually caused by sun exposure. It is not a type of skin cancer, but it is considered a precancerous lesion, as it can sometimes develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.

Choice C reason: Kaposi sarcoma is a rare type of skin cancer that causes purple, red, or brown patches or nodules on the skin or mucous membranes. It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and it mainly affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplants.

Choice D reason: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin that gives the skin its color. It usually appears as a mole or a new or changing spot on the skin that may have an irregular shape, color, or border. It is the most common type of skin cancer, and also the most serious, as it can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Older adult's self-report is a subjective measure of pain that may not reflect the actual intensity or quality of pain. It may also be influenced by factors such as cognitive impairment, mood, or cultural norms.

Choice B reason: FPSR stands for Face, Pain Scale-Revised, which is a tool to assess pain in infants and children who cannot verbalize their pain. It is not suitable for older adults, who may have different facial expressions or reactions to pain.

Choice C reason: Pain medication frequency is an indirect measure of pain that may not capture the effectiveness or side effects of pharmacotherapy. It may also vary depending on the type, dose, and route of administration of pain medication.

Choice D reason: Older adult's pain diary is a comprehensive and reliable measure of pain that can track the changes in pain level, quality, and location over time. It can also record the impact of pain on daily activities, mood, sleep, and quality of life. It can help the nurse to evaluate the outcomes of comfort measures and pharmacotherapy, and to adjust the pain management plan accordingly.

A. A gradual decline in cognitive abilities B. A decline from a previous level of functioning C. Easily frustrated D. Mild memory loss E. Impaired judgement

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease affects the brain cells and causes them to degenerate and die. This leads to a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory, language, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Choice B reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease interferes with the daily activities and routines of the affected person. They may experience a decline from their previous level of functioning, such as forgetting appointments, misplacing items, or getting lost.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because easily frustrated is not a specific outcome of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Although some people with Alzheimer's disease may become frustrated, irritated, or angry due to their cognitive impairment, this is not a universal or diagnostic symptom.

Choice D reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease affects the short-term memory first, causing the person to forget recent events, conversations, or names. This is called mild memory loss, and it is one of the most common signs of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Choice E reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease affects the frontal lobe of the brain, which is responsible for executive functions, such as planning, organizing, decision-making, and judgement. This leads to impaired judgement, such as making poor financial choices, neglecting personal hygiene, or acting inappropriately.

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Of all the following malignant skin cancers, which one is the most common?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse uses comfort measures to enhance an older adult's pharmacological pain management. Which of the following would be most helpful for the nurse to use to identify the relationships between the comfort measures, activity, and pharmacotherapy, and the older adult's pain level?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

An older adult is diagnosed to be in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. The diagnosis is made on the presence of which of the following outcomes? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A home health nurse is completing an admission on a client who recently experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). During the assessment, the client begins to report a severe headache and numbness in the left arm. Which action should the nurse take initially?

A nurse measures an older adult's blood pressure on the right arm and notes a reading of 150/100. The nurse waits 5 minutes and measures the blood pressure again in the right arm and obtains a reading of 152/100. What is the next action by the nurse?

An older adult reports symptoms of xerostomia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

An older adult diagnosed with heart failure (HF) reports increasing dyspnea over 2 days. Which of the following should the nurse assess to help determine whether the client has adhered to prescribed therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and vitamin B deficiencies may cause neurological damage leading to what condition?

An older client who was recently admitted to the sub-acute setting after having a knee replacement, is very anxious and refuses to get out of bed, stating that it is too painful. Which intervention will the nurse implement?

When teaching a client about foods that do not increase blood glucose, which should the nurse include?