Polycythemia has a plethora of neurological changes. What is the primary cause of these symptoms?

Choice A reason: The nasal compartment refers to the nasal cavity, not specific colored areas. Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities around the nose, often highlighted in anatomical diagrams, making this an incorrect term for the described structures.

Choice B reason: Paranasal sinuses, including frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses, are air-filled cavities around the nasal cavity, often colored in anatomical images. This matches the question’s reference to colored areas, making it the correct term.

Choice C reason: Runny nose describes a symptom (rhinorrhea), not anatomical structures. The question refers to colored areas, likely in a diagram, which aligns with sinuses, not a clinical condition, making this an incorrect choice.

Choice D reason: Olfactory bulbs are neural structures for smell, located above the nasal cavity, not typically colored as distinct areas in sinus diagrams. Paranasal sinuses are the highlighted structures, making this an incorrect term for the described areas.

Choice A reason: T cells, including cytotoxic and helper T cells, drive cell-mediated immunity by directly attacking infected cells and coordinating immune responses. They target intracellular pathogens and tumors, forming the core of cellular immunity, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: B cells mediate humoral immunity, producing antibodies against extracellular pathogens. While critical for immune defense, they do not directly drive cell-mediated responses, which rely on T-cell activity, making this incorrect for cell-mediated immunity.

Choice C reason: “None of the above” is incorrect, as T cells play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. Their functions, like cytotoxicity and cytokine production, are essential for this immune response, making this an invalid choice.

Choice D reason: “All of the above” is incorrect, as only T cells, not B cells, are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity. B cells support humoral immunity, not the cellular response driven by T cells, making this an incorrect choice.