The characteristic vascular changes at the site of an injury produce: (Select all that apply)
Increased permeability and leakage
Blood vessel constriction after dilation
Pallor and swelling
None of the above
Tightening of the capillary endothelial cell junctions
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason: Increased permeability and leakage occur at an injury site due to histamine and cytokine release, causing endothelial gaps. This allows plasma and immune cells to enter tissues, promoting inflammation and edema, making this a correct vascular change.
Choice B reason: Blood vessels initially constrict to limit bleeding, then dilate to increase blood flow, delivering immune cells and nutrients. This biphasic response (constriction followed by dilation) is a hallmark of acute injury, making this a correct vascular change.
Choice C reason: Pallor occurs from initial vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow, followed by swelling from increased permeability and fluid leakage. These are typical injury responses, reflecting vascular and tissue changes, making this a correct observation.
Choice D reason: “None of the above” is incorrect, as increased permeability, biphasic vessel response, and pallor with swelling are well-documented vascular changes at injury sites. These align with the inflammatory process, making this an invalid choice.
Choice E reason: Tightening of capillary endothelial junctions does not occur during acute injury. Junctions loosen due to inflammatory mediators, increasing permeability, not tightening, which would limit leakage, making this an incorrect vascular change.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Wheezing is associated with lung conditions or left heart failure, not right-sided heart failure. Peripheral edema results from venous congestion in right heart failure, so this is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Vasospasms are linked to vascular conditions, not right-sided heart failure. Peripheral edema is a hallmark due to fluid backup, so this is incorrect for the manifestation.
Choice C reason: Peripheral edema, swelling in legs or ankles, is a primary manifestation of right-sided heart failure, caused by venous congestion from impaired right heart pumping. This is the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Tingling in extremities is neurological or vascular, not typical of right-sided heart failure. Peripheral edema is more characteristic, so this is incorrect for the manifestation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Lethargy is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism, resulting from slowed metabolism due to low thyroid hormone levels. It leads to fatigue and reduced energy, aligning with hypothyroid symptoms, making it a correct choice for clinical manifestations.
Choice B reason: Constipation is a hallmark of hypothyroidism, caused by decreased gastrointestinal motility from low thyroid hormone. This digestive slowing is a frequent complaint, making it a correct selection for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Choice C reason: Restlessness is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism, which causes lethargy and slowed activity. Hypothyroid patients lack the agitation seen in hyperthyroid states, so this is incorrect for hypothyroidism manifestations.
Choice D reason: Intolerance to heat is a hyperthyroidism symptom, not hypothyroidism, where patients experience cold intolerance due to slowed metabolism. This is opposite to hypothyroid effects, so it’s incorrect for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
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