Sarah, a 32-year-old non-smoker, presents with bronchospasm due to inhaling cold air during her morning run. Which reflex mechanism is being triggered?

Alveolar macrophages

Mucociliary clearance system

Reflex bronchoconstriction

Filtration of air

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Alveolar macrophages are involved in immune defense within the lungs but are not directly responsible for bronchospasm.
B.   This system helps remove mucus and trapped particles from the airways but does not directly cause bronchospasm.

C.   Exposure to cold air can trigger reflex bronchoconstriction as a protective mechanism to prevent the entry of cold air into the lungs.
D.   Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper airways and does not directly relate to bronchospasm triggered by cold air inhalation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Inflammatory bowel disease typically presents with symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding, rather than isolated rectal pain exacerbated by bowel movements.
B. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. Regular use of ibuprofen can exacerbate hemorrhoids by causing irritation and thinning of the rectal lining.
C. Rectal prolapse involves the protrusion of the rectum through the anus and may cause discomfort during bowel movements, but it is less common than hemorrhoids.
D. Colorectal cancer can cause rectal pain but is less likely in the absence of other symptoms such as rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.

A. Wear sunglasses at all times. B. You might experience an artificial tan. C. Use sunscreen with high SPF when exposed to the sun. D. Sun exposure might decrease the effectiveness of the medication.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Wearing sunglasses is not relevant to the side effects or precautions associated with ciprofloxacin.
B. Ciprofloxacin does not cause artificial tanning.

C. Ciprofloxacin can increase sensitivity to sunlight, leading to sunburn. Using sunscreen with a high SPF can help prevent sunburn while taking this medication.
D. Sun exposure does not typically affect the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin, but it can increase the risk of sunburn due to photosensitivity.

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Sarah, a 32-year-old non-smoker, presents with bronchospasm due to inhaling cold air during her morning run. Which reflex mechanism is being triggered?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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