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Skin Assessment

Highlight the abnormal findings that the nurse should be concerned about. Select all that apply.

A 40-year-old woman reports a change in mole size, accompanied by color changes, itching, burning, and bleeding over the past month. She has a dark complexion and has no family history of skin cancer, but she has had many blistering sunburns in the past.

change in mole size

color changes

itching

burning

bleeding

has had many blistering sunburns in the past

dark complexion

no family history of skin cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

A change in the size of a mole is a significant red flag and should be concerning for potential skin cancer, particularly melanoma. A mole that enlarges over time, especially if it changes size rapidly, can indicate the development of malignant melanoma.

Color changes in a mole, such as darkening, lightening, or developing multiple colors, should raise concern for melanoma. Melanomas often present with uneven pigmentation, where the mole may become more than one color, such as black, blue, red, or brown. This change in color is abnormal and requires further investigation.

Itching and burning are abnormal symptoms associated with skin lesions and can be indicative of skin cancer. These sensations can occur when the skin becomes irritated or inflamed due to a growing malignancy such as melanoma.

Bleeding from a mole is a red flag and is concerning for skin cancer, especially melanoma. A mole that bleeds or oozes may be ulcerating or eroding, which are signs of more advanced skin cancer.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Lymph nodes are usually described as enlarged or swollen, not "lumped." This term is not typically used in the description of lymphadenopathy.
B. In cases of acute infection, lymphadenopathy is most often unilateral and localized to the area of infection. For example, if there is a throat infection, the lymph nodes on the same side of the neck are more likely to be enlarged.
C. Lymph nodes that are soft and nontender are more indicative of chronic conditions such as lymphoma or metastasis. In acute infections, lymph nodes tend to be firm and tender.
D. Firm but freely movable nodes may be indicative of chronic conditions or noninfectious causes. Acute infection typically leads to tender, swollen lymph nodes that may feel rubbery or hard but are usually movable.

A. Xerostomia B. Rhinorrhea C. Dysphagia D. Epistaxis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Xerostomia (dry mouth) is common in some conditions but not typically associated with a stroke.
B. Rhinorrhea (runny nose) is not a typical finding related to stroke.
C. Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a common issue for patients after a stroke, especially if the stroke affects the areas of the brain responsible for swallowing.
D. Epistaxis (nosebleed) is not a direct consequence of a stroke. The nurse should be more concerned with symptoms related to swallowing, speech, and motor function, such as dysphagia.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During an examination of a female patient, the nurse notes lymphadenopathy and suspects an acute infection. How do acutely infected lymph nodes typically appear?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A 92-year-old patient has had a stroke. The right side of his face is drooping. The nurse might also suspect which of these assessment findings?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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