Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Pulmonary stenosis (PS)

Overriding aorta

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E,F

A. Right ventricular hypertrophy is part of the pathophysiology of TOF, resulting from the increased workload on the right ventricle due to pulmonary stenosis.

B. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not part of TOF; the condition primarily affects the right ventricle.

C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is not a characteristic of TOF, although it may be present in some cases, it's not part of the primary defects.

D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a primary defect in TOF, which allows blood to mix between the left and right ventricles.

E. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a key feature of TOF, causing right-sided obstruction.

F. Overriding aorta occurs when the aorta is positioned directly over the VSD, receiving blood from both the right and left ventricles.

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Correct Answer is ["C","E"]

Explanation

A. This statement is correct. Airway constriction during an asthma attack can be dangerous.

B. Identifying and avoiding asthma triggers is an appropriate strategy for managing asthma.

C. Keeping a pet in the home when allergic to it or exposed to asthma triggers can worsen symptoms. This needs further education about asthma management.

D. Taking albuterol prior to exercise is a recommended strategy to prevent exercise-induced asthma.

E. Calling 911 immediately during an asthma attack is not the first step unless the child is unable to manage it with their prescribed rescue medication (e.g., albuterol). The first action should be to use the rescue inhaler.

A. Kawasaki disease B. Tricuspid Atresia C. Tetralogy of Fallot D. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Kawasaki disease typically presents with fever, rash, and conjunctivitis, not a machine-like murmur or the other cardiovascular findings.

B. Tricuspid Atresia involves a defect in the tricuspid valve and presents with cyanosis and poor circulation, but not a machine-like murmur.

C. Tetralogy of Fallot involves a murmur due to pulmonary stenosis and VSD but would not produce a "machine-like" murmur, which is characteristic of PDA.

D. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) results in a continuous "machine-like" murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery, along with findings of pulmonary congestion and right ventricular hypertrophy.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing asthma education to a teen that has just been diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","E"]

Explanation

While assessing a newborn with respiratory distress, the nurse auscultates a machine-like heart murmur. Other findings are a widened pulse pressure. pulmonary congestion and right ventricular hypertrophy. The nurse suspects that the newborn has:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

The nurse employed in an emergency department is monitoring a child diagnosed with epiglottitis. The nurse notes that the child is leaning forward with the neck extended. How would the nurse interpret this finding? -

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