Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Pulmonary stenosis (PS)

Overriding aorta

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E,F

A. Right ventricular hypertrophy is part of the pathophysiology of TOF, resulting from the increased workload on the right ventricle due to pulmonary stenosis.

B. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not part of TOF; the condition primarily affects the right ventricle.

C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is not a characteristic of TOF, although it may be present in some cases, it's not part of the primary defects.

D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a primary defect in TOF, which allows blood to mix between the left and right ventricles.

E. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a key feature of TOF, causing right-sided obstruction.

F. Overriding aorta occurs when the aorta is positioned directly over the VSD, receiving blood from both the right and left ventricles.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Household smoking increases the risk of otitis media by irritating the respiratory tract and impairing immune function.

B. A history of urinary tract infections is not a risk factor for otitis media.

C. Exposure to illness in daycare centers or schools increases the likelihood of respiratory infections, which can lead to otitis media.

D. Native American ethnicity has a higher incidence of otitis media, likely due to genetic and environmental factors.

E. Absence of breastfeeding increases the risk of otitis media because breastfeeding provides immune protection.

F. Craniofacial anomalies (e.g., cleft palate) increase the risk of otitis media due to poor Eustachian tube function and chronic ear infections.

A. Keep the child him and call for emergency airway equipment B. Assess the throat for a cherry red epiglottis C. Place the child on a knee to chest position D. Obtain IV access and start IV fluids

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The child is showing signs of severe respiratory distress, likely due to epiglottitis. The priority is to keep the child calm to avoid further airway obstruction and to prepare for emergency airway management.

B. While assessing the throat for epiglottitis is important, direct visualization of the throat can cause spasm and worsen airway obstruction.

C. The knee-to-chest position is typically used in cases of respiratory distress in infants (e.g., with RSV), but not in this case.

D. While IV access and fluids may be necessary, the immediate priority is securing the airway.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with otitis media. The parent asks the nurse about the causes of this illness. Which risk factors would the nurse include in response to this parent? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is reinforcing education to the parents of a toddler diagnosed with bronchiolitis. The nurse informs the parents that which of the following is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD), the nurse is aware that many infants with these conditions also receive a diagnosis of which of the following?

The nurse employed in an emergency department is monitoring a child diagnosed with epiglottitis. The nurse notes that the child is leaning forward with the neck extended. How would the nurse interpret this finding? -

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

While assessing a newborn with respiratory distress, the nurse auscultates a machine-like heart murmur. Other findings are a widened pulse pressure. pulmonary congestion and right ventricular hypertrophy. The nurse suspects that the newborn has:

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute otitis media. Which of the following classic assessment findings should the nurse expect?

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old client with symptoms of excessive drooling, respiratory distress, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty speaking. Based on these assessment findings, which conditions does the nurse suspect?