Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Pulmonary stenosis (PS)

Overriding aorta

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E,F

A. Right ventricular hypertrophy is part of the pathophysiology of TOF, resulting from the increased workload on the right ventricle due to pulmonary stenosis.

B. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not part of TOF; the condition primarily affects the right ventricle.

C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is not a characteristic of TOF, although it may be present in some cases, it's not part of the primary defects.

D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a primary defect in TOF, which allows blood to mix between the left and right ventricles.

E. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a key feature of TOF, causing right-sided obstruction.

F. Overriding aorta occurs when the aorta is positioned directly over the VSD, receiving blood from both the right and left ventricles.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Croup is a viral infection that typically presents with a barking cough and stridor, rather than difficulty swallowing and excessive drooling.

B. Epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition characterized by sudden onset of fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty speaking (dysphonia). It is a medical emergency and often caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.

C. Bronchiolitis is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and presents with wheezing, cough, and respiratory distress but not typically with drooling or difficulty swallowing.

D. Laryngotracheobronchitis (another name for croup) also presents with a barking cough and stridor but does not cause difficulty swallowing or drooling.

A. Transposition of The Great Arteries B. Coarctation of the Aorta C. Patent Ductus Arteriosus D. Tetralogy of Fallot

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Transposition of The Great Arteries involves abnormal positioning of the arteries, leading to systemic and pulmonary circulations being disconnected, rather than increased pulmonary blood flow.

B. Coarctation of the Aorta is a narrowing of the aorta that can cause increased pressure in the upper extremities but does not involve increased pulmonary blood flow.

C. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close, causing increased blood flow to the lungs, leading to pulmonary overcirculation.

D. Tetralogy of Fallot leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old client with symptoms of excessive drooling, respiratory distress, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty speaking. Based on these assessment findings, which conditions does the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

After teaching a class about the hemodynamic characteristics of congenital heart disease, the instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the class identifies which defect as an example of a disorder involving increased pulmonary blood flow?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse employed in an emergency department is monitoring a child diagnosed with epiglottitis. The nurse notes that the child is leaning forward with the neck extended. How would the nurse interpret this finding? -

A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with otitis media. The parent asks the nurse about the causes of this illness. Which risk factors would the nurse include in response to this parent? Select all that apply.

The nurse is assessing a child with epiglottitis. Which of the following would be an expected finding?

While assessing a newborn with respiratory distress, the nurse auscultates a machine-like heart murmur. Other findings are a widened pulse pressure. pulmonary congestion and right ventricular hypertrophy. The nurse suspects that the newborn has:

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. Keeping the pathophysiology in mind, the nurse carefully monitors the child for which complication?

The nurse is providing asthma education to a teen that has just been diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.