What is the function of aldosterone?
It increases both Nat and K+ reabsorption. It increases both Nat and K+ secretion.
It increases Na* reabsorption and K+ secretion.
It reduces Nat reabsorption and K* secretion.
It causes the urine to be more diluted.
The Correct Answer is B
A. It increases both Na⁺ and K⁺ reabsorption. It increases both Na⁺ and K⁺ secretion: This contradicts the actual function. Aldosterone causes Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion, not reabsorption of both.
B. It increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron, causing sodium reabsorption (to increase blood volume/pressure) and potassium excretion.
C. It reduces Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion: This is the opposite of aldosterone's action.
D. It causes the urine to be more diluted: Aldosterone causes sodium (and water) retention, leading to concentrated urine. Dilution of urine is more associated with ADH inhibition.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glomerular filtration rate will increase: Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole increases resistance, raising glomerular pressure and increasing GFR.
B. Urine output will increase: Increased GFR results in more filtrate, which can lead to increased urine output.
C. Systemic blood pressure will go up: This is unlikely to be directly caused by local vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. Systemic BP is mainly influenced by overall vascular resistance and cardiac output.
D. Net filtration pressure will increase: Efferent arteriole constriction backs up pressure in the glomerulus, increasing net filtration pressure.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. 2 ATP: This is the ATP yield from glycolysis (net gain), not fatty acid oxidation.
B. 18 ATP: Too low for a 16-carbon fatty acid-this number is far below the actual ATP yield from fatty acid metabolism.
C. 36 ATP: This is the approximate ATP yield from glucose oxidation, not a 16-carbon fatty acid.
D. 38 ATP: Also close to glucose metabolism; still too low.
E. 129 ATP: Beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid (e.g., palmitic acid) generates 129 ATP molecules, making it far more energy-dense than glucose.
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