What is the function of aldosterone?
It increases both Nat and K+ reabsorption. It increases both Nat and K+ secretion.
It increases Na* reabsorption and K+ secretion.
It reduces Nat reabsorption and K* secretion.
It causes the urine to be more diluted.
The Correct Answer is B
A. It increases both Na⁺ and K⁺ reabsorption. It increases both Na⁺ and K⁺ secretion: This contradicts the actual function. Aldosterone causes Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion, not reabsorption of both.
B. It increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron, causing sodium reabsorption (to increase blood volume/pressure) and potassium excretion.
C. It reduces Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion: This is the opposite of aldosterone's action.
D. It causes the urine to be more diluted: Aldosterone causes sodium (and water) retention, leading to concentrated urine. Dilution of urine is more associated with ADH inhibition.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Buffered hydrogen ions are excreted in urine: This process allows new bicarbonate ions to enter the plasma, helping correct acidosis.
B. Glutamine is metabolized by deamination, oxidation, and acidification: Glutamine metabolism in renal tubule cells generates ammonia and bicarbonate, contributing to acid-base balance.
C. Ammonium ions are excreted in urine: Excreting ammonium (NH₄⁺) removes H⁺ from the body and indirectly adds new bicarbonate to the plasma.
D. Bicarbonate ions are reclaimed by tubular reabsorption: This does not generate new bicarbonate-it simply prevents loss of existing bicarbonate, which is important but not a replenishing mechanism during depletion.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. 2 ATP: This is the ATP yield from glycolysis (net gain), not fatty acid oxidation.
B. 18 ATP: Too low for a 16-carbon fatty acid-this number is far below the actual ATP yield from fatty acid metabolism.
C. 36 ATP: This is the approximate ATP yield from glucose oxidation, not a 16-carbon fatty acid.
D. 38 ATP: Also close to glucose metabolism; still too low.
E. 129 ATP: Beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid (e.g., palmitic acid) generates 129 ATP molecules, making it far more energy-dense than glucose.
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