If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells. Which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease.
Net filtration pressure (NFP) will decrease.
Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase.
Kidney perfusion will increase.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease: Low MAP leads to reduced renal perfusion, and until compensatory mechanisms restore pressure, GFR will drop.
B. Net filtration pressure (NFP) will decrease: Low systemic pressure leads to low glomerular hydrostatic pressure, resulting in lower NFP.
C. Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase: The RAAS pathway, triggered by renin, leads to aldosterone and ADH release, promoting sodium and water retention, thereby increasing fluid volume.
D. Kidney perfusion will increase: Perfusion decreases when MAP is below 80 mmHg, and renin is released because of reduced perfusion, not increased.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Buffered hydrogen ions are excreted in urine: This process allows new bicarbonate ions to enter the plasma, helping correct acidosis.
B. Glutamine is metabolized by deamination, oxidation, and acidification: Glutamine metabolism in renal tubule cells generates ammonia and bicarbonate, contributing to acid-base balance.
C. Ammonium ions are excreted in urine: Excreting ammonium (NH₄⁺) removes H⁺ from the body and indirectly adds new bicarbonate to the plasma.
D. Bicarbonate ions are reclaimed by tubular reabsorption: This does not generate new bicarbonate-it simply prevents loss of existing bicarbonate, which is important but not a replenishing mechanism during depletion.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lysozyme: Lysozyme is present in saliva and has antibacterial properties, breaking down bacterial cell walls.
B. Urea and uric acid: These waste products are found in saliva in small amounts.
C. Electrolytes: Saliva contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate.
D. Protease: Proteases (like pepsin or trypsin) are not present in saliva; they are found in the stomach and small intestine.
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