The client has emphysema, which causes the alveoli to collapse making the O2 and CO2 gas exchange difficult, making the patient breathe more frequently than normal. This is caused by which of the following?

A. Larynx: The larynx is located below the pharynx and above the trachea. It houses the vocal cords and plays a role in speech. In the diagram, the larynx is likely structure #6, not #4.

B. Pharynx: The pharynx is a muscular passageway for food and air. It lies behind the nasal cavity and mouth, connecting them to the larynx and esophagus. Structure #4 is positioned in that area, making it the correct answer.

C. Trachea: The trachea is the windpipe that extends from the larynx downward into the chest. It is shown lower in the diagram (likely structure #7), not #4.

D. Nose: The nose (including the nostrils and nasal cavity) is the outermost and uppermost part of the respiratory tract. In the diagram, structure #3 appears to represent the nose, not #4.

A. Superior/upper right lobe: Label #1 is at the top part of the right lung.
B. Inferior/lower right lobe: The left lung is on the viewer’s right. The lower lobe of the left lung is positioned inferiorly (near the diaphragm) and would be closer to label #8.
C. Superior/upper left lobe: The left lung has only two lobes: superior and inferior. The superior lobe of the left lung would be in the corresponding location to label #6.
D. Middle right lobe: The middle lobe is only present in the right lung and lies below the superior lobe but above the inferior lobe.