The client’s 24-hour urine output is 750 mL and an amber color, oral intake is 1700 mL, and the weight has increased 3 kilograms in 2 days.
The client is irritable and states “I have a headache.” Which laboratory value most correlates with these signs and symptoms?

Clubbing in upper digits and tripod positioning are signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a respiratory disorder that has components of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Clubbing is a thickening and widening of the fingertips and nails due to chronic low oxygen levels in the blood. Tripod positioning is when the person leans forward and supports their arms on a table or chair to facilitate breathing.

Choice A is wrong because a BMI greater than 30% indicates obesity, which is not a specific sign of COPD, although it can worsen the condition.

Choice C is wrong because AP chest diameter of 1:1 means that the chest is as wide as it is deep, which is also known as barrel chest. This is a sign of emphysema, one of the components of COPD, but not of COPD itself.

Choice E is wrong because high amounts of energy are not associated with COPD. On the contrary, people with COPD often experience fatigue, weakness, and reduced exercise tolerance due to impaired gas exchange and respiratory muscle function.

This is because the recovery position helps maintain the airway and prevent aspiration, and loosening the necktie prevents breathing restriction.

The other choices are wrong because:

Choice A is wrong because placing a stick or any object in the person’s mouth can cause injury to the teeth, gums, tongue or jaw and obstruct the airway. The person cannot swallow or bite their tongue during a seizure.

Choice B is wrong because recording the time of the seizure is not the first priority. The first priority is to ensure the safety and comfort of the person.

Choice C is wrong because restraining the limbs can cause injury or fracture, increase agitation and prolong the seizure. The nurse should protect the person from injury by moving furniture away and padding the head.

Normal ranges for seizure duration are usually less than 5 minutes for generalized tonic-clonic seizures and less than 15 seconds for absence seizures. If the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, or if the person has repeated seizures without regaining consciousness, it is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.