The dose is 180mg. The supply is 30mg/5ml. How many tablespoons does the nurse give?

A. A semi-dependent nursing action: This term doesn't have a standard meaning in nursing. Nursing actions are generally categorized as independent, dependent, or interdependent.

B. An independent nursing action: Independent nursing actions are activities that nurses are licensed to initiate on the basis of their knowledge and skills. These actions don't require a physician's order. Giving a back massage, in many cases, falls under the category of independent nursing actions. Nurses often assess the patient's condition and, if appropriate, can provide interventions like massages to enhance comfort and well-being without needing a specific order.

C. A dependent nursing action: Dependent nursing actions are activities that require a physician's order or another healthcare provider's directive. Nurses perform these actions under the physician's supervision or guidance. Giving a back massage might require a specific order in certain situations, for instance, if the patient has a particular condition that necessitates a tailored approach to massage.

D. An interdependent nursing action: Interdependent nursing actions are those that require collaboration with other healthcare team members. These actions involve working together with physicians, therapists, and other professionals to ensure comprehensive patient care. While collaboration is essential in healthcare, giving a back massage is generally not considered primarily interdependent; it's more about the nurse's individual skill unless there are specific medical considerations that require interprofessional collaboration.

A. Actions of the nurse are appropriate since his neighbor is his confidante, and the neighbor has assured him the information provided will not be shared.

Explanation: Even if the nurse's neighbor is considered a confidante, sharing specific patient information is still a breach of confidentiality. Healthcare professionals are obligated to follow strict guidelines regarding patient privacy, and sharing patient details with anyone outside the healthcare team, even if they promise not to share it further, is not ethically permissible.

B. The nurse is actively promoting nursing as a profession, and it is important to share information that might encourage others to pursue a nursing career.

Explanation: While it's positive for nurses to encourage others to pursue nursing, this should not involve sharing private patient information. There are many appropriate ways to promote the nursing profession, such as discussing the rewards of the job, the educational paths, or the impact nurses have on patient care. Patient confidentiality, however, should never be compromised in such attempts.

C. The nurse has violated the confidentiality of the patient by discussing personal information about the patient with his neighbor.

Explanation: This is the correct choice. As mentioned earlier, patient confidentiality is a fundamental ethical and legal principle in healthcare. Disclosing personal patient information to unauthorized individuals, even if unintentional or with good intentions, is a violation of this principle.

D. The nurse has not violated the confidentiality of the patient because the patient is terminal: sharing this information will not harm the patient.

Explanation: A patient being terminal does not change the rules of confidentiality. Regardless of a patient's condition, their right to privacy remains intact. Sharing information about a patient's terminal status without proper authorization is still a breach of confidentiality and is not considered ethical practice.