Preparing a patient for a diagnostic test, and telling the patient what to expect during and after the test, is considered:

A. "Don't worry; this pain won't last forever."
This statement dismisses the patient's concerns and does not encourage open communication about pain. It does not address the patient's current pain experience or provide a basis for effective pain management.

B. "You look pretty comfortable. Are you having any pain?"
While this statement attempts to inquire about the patient's pain, it might not encourage the patient to open up about their pain experience. The patient might downplay their pain to appear strong or not to be a bother.

C. "Is this pain the same as the pain you had yesterday?"
This question is specific and might help in assessing the consistency and nature of the pain. However, it assumes the patient had pain yesterday and does not open the conversation effectively for the patient to express their pain experience freely.

D. "Tell me about the pain you've been having."
This statement is open-ended and encourages the patient to express their pain experience in their own words. It creates a comfortable environment for the patient to discuss their pain, allowing the nurse to gather valuable information about the pain's intensity, location, quality, and factors that aggravate or alleviate it. This approach is patient-centered and allows for a comprehensive pain assessment.

To calculate the amount of medication the nurse should give, you can use the formula:

Amount to Give (in ml) = Dose Required (in mg) / Concentration (in mg/ml)

In this case:

Dose Required = 8 mg

Concentration = 4 mg/ml

Now, plug these values into the formula:

Amount to Give (in ml) = 8 mg / 4 mg/ml = 2 ml

The nurse should give 2 ml of the medication.