The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as the five Ps, include all except:

Powers.

Passenger.

Pressure.

Passageway.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Uterine contractions (powers) are essential for cervical dilation and fetal descent. They are involuntary smooth muscle contractions regulated by oxytocin and prostaglandins.
Choice B rationale
The fetus (passenger) significantly influences labor progression. Fetal size, position, and presentation affect the ease of passage through the birth canal.
Choice C rationale
Pressure is not considered one of the five Ps affecting labor and birth. The five Ps are powers, passenger, passageway, position, and psychological response.
Choice D rationale
The birth canal (passageway) includes the bony pelvis and soft tissues, which must adapt to allow the fetus to pass through during labor.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Testing the fluid with nitrazine paper can confirm membrane rupture but is not the first priority. Assessing the fetal heart rate is crucial to ensure fetal well-being immediately after membrane rupture.
Choice B rationale
Documenting the time of rupture is important for clinical records but is not the first priority. Immediate assessment of fetal status takes precedence to detect any distress.
Choice C rationale
Monitoring the fetal heart rate and pattern immediately after membrane rupture is essential to ensure the fetus is not in distress. It helps detect any complications like cord prolapse.
Choice D rationale
Notifying the physician or midwife is necessary but not the first priority. Ensuring fetal well-being through heart rate monitoring is the immediate concern following membrane rupture.

A. Valsalva maneuver. B. Ferguson’s reflex. C. Lightening. D. Molding.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Valsalva maneuver involves forced expiration against a closed airway, increasing intrathoracic pressure and used to aid in expelling the fetus during labor.
Choice B rationale
Ferguson’s reflex involves the release of oxytocin due to vaginal and cervical stretching, resulting in stronger contractions during the second stage of labor.
Choice C rationale
Lightening refers to the descent of the fetus into the pelvis before labor, relieving pressure on the diaphragm and easing breathing.
Choice D rationale
Molding is the slight overlapping of cranial bones, allowing the fetal head to shape and fit through the birth canal during labor.

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The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as the five Ps, include all except:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A multipara in latent phase of labor experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes while walking. Which is the first priority nursing action?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor is called:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient is admitted to the Labor & Delivery unit at 39 weeks. She is 5/60/-2. After several hours she is at 5/70/-2. What can be given to help augment her labor?

The maternity nurse understands that as the uterus contracts during labor, maternal-fetal exchange of oxygen and waste products:

A new father wants to know what medication was put into his infant’s eyes and why it is needed. How does the nurse explain the purpose of the erythromycin ophthalmic ointment?

A woman who is 14 weeks pregnant tells the nurse that she always had a glass of wine with dinner before she became pregnant. She has abstained during her first trimester and would like to know if it is safe for her to have a drink with dinner now. The nurse would tell her:

The nurse is aware that labor and birth will most likely proceed normally when the fetal position is:

A woman attends a prenatal visit and is told to start taking a folic acid supplement. The Nurse Practitioner explains that this is to prevent:

After the nurse completes nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, she asks the client to repeat the instructions to assess the client’s understanding. Which statement indicates that the client understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?

When discussing work and travel during pregnancy with a pregnant patient, nurses should instruct them that.