The instructor is educating a group of nursing students about the regulatory mechanisms affecting water reabsorption in the nephron. Which renal structures are primarily influenced by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, leading to adjustments in the rate of water reabsorption?
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Vasa recta
DCT and collecting duct
The Correct Answer is D
A. Glomerulus: The glomerulus is the filtration site; ADH/aldosterone act downstream on tubular epithelial cells, not on glomerular filtration directly.
B. Loop of Henle: The loop establishes the medullary gradient; ADH/aldosterone have limited direct action here (ADH affects water permeability mainly in collecting ducts; aldosterone acts mainly on DCT/collecting duct).
C. Vasa recta: Vasa recta are blood vessels that help preserve the medullary gradient (countercurrent exchange) but are not the primary hormone-target epithelial segments for ADH/aldosterone.
D. DCT and collecting duct: Aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption (and K⁺ secretion); ADH acts on the late DCT and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins -together they adjust water and sodium retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
A. Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores and releases bile into the duodenum via the common bile duct when stimulated (e.g., by CCK). It does release a secretion into the duodenum, but it primarily stores bile produced by the liver.
B. Liver: The liver produces bile, which drains via hepatic ducts into the common bile duct and empties into the duodenum -the liver is a primary secretor whose products reach the duodenum.
C. Spleen: The spleen is a lymphoid/hematologic organ (filters blood, immune functions) and does not release digestive secretions into the duodenum.
D. Gastric glands: Gastric glands secrete gastric juice into the stomach lumen (not the duodenum), so they do not release secretions into the duodenum.
E. Pancreas: The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct.
F. Intestinal glands: Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn) secrete intestinal juice directly into the intestinal lumen (including the duodenum), but the most commonly tested paired organs that "release secretions into the duodenum" are the liver (bile) and pancreas (pancreatic juice).
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Maintaining the uterine lining for potential pregnancy: Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation and prepares/maintains the endometrium for implantation and early pregnancy.
B. Promoting sperm production: Sperm production is a male function driven by FSH and testosterone; progesterone does not promote spermatogenesis.
C. Inducing uterine contractions: Progesterone actually inhibits uterine contractions to help maintain pregnancy; oxytocin and prostaglandins promote contractions.
D. Enhancing follicle development: Follicle development is primarily stimulated by FSH and estrogen during the follicular phase; progesterone is dominant after ovulation and does not enhance follicle development.
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