The instructor is educating a group of nursing students about the regulatory mechanisms affecting water reabsorption in the nephron. Which renal structures are primarily influenced by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, leading to adjustments in the rate of water reabsorption?
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Vasa recta
DCT and collecting duct
The Correct Answer is D
A. Glomerulus: The glomerulus is the filtration site; ADH/aldosterone act downstream on tubular epithelial cells, not on glomerular filtration directly.
B. Loop of Henle: The loop establishes the medullary gradient; ADH/aldosterone have limited direct action here (ADH affects water permeability mainly in collecting ducts; aldosterone acts mainly on DCT/collecting duct).
C. Vasa recta: Vasa recta are blood vessels that help preserve the medullary gradient (countercurrent exchange) but are not the primary hormone-target epithelial segments for ADH/aldosterone.
D. DCT and collecting duct: Aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption (and K⁺ secretion); ADH acts on the late DCT and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins -together they adjust water and sodium retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Final synthesis step of vitamin K production: The final (and major) synthesis of vitamin K is by gut bacteria and liver processes; the urinary system (kidneys) is not the final synthesis site for vitamin K .
B. Filters the blood, removing wastes: The kidneys filter blood plasma (glomerular filtration) to remove metabolic wastes and excess substances .
C. Regulates the pH of the body: The kidneys conserve or excrete H⁺ and bicarbonate and so play a central role in acid–base balance .
D. Excretion of wastes: By forming urine and eliminating nitrogenous wastes and excess electrolytes/fluid, the urinary system excretes metabolic wastes .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pap Smear:The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screens cervical cells for precancerous changes (dysplasia) and is the standard test for early detection of cervical cancer.
B. BRCA test: BRCA genetic tests assess hereditary breast/ovarian cancer risk (BRCA1/2), not cervical cancer screening.
C. ELISA test: ELISA is a lab technique for detecting antibodies/antigens (used in many contexts, e.g., HIV testing) but is not a routine screening test for cervical cancer.
D. Mammogram:A mammogram is an imaging test used to screen for breast cancer, not cervical cancer.
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