The nurse asks the patient to stick out their tongue while performing an assessment of the mouth and throat. The nurse knows this provides information about what cranial nerve?

XII

VII

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. XI: Cranial nerve XI, also known as the accessory nerve, is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are involved in shoulder and head movement. It does not play a role in tongue movement.

B. V: Cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve, is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. While it is important for overall oral sensation, it does not control tongue movement.

C. XII: Cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve, is responsible for motor control of the tongue muscles. When the patient sticks out their tongue, the nurse can assess the function of this nerve by observing the tongue's position, movement, and any signs of weakness or atrophy, which can indicate nerve damage.

D. VII: Cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, is responsible for the muscles of facial expression and taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Although it contributes to some oral functions, it is not directly involved in the movement of the tongue itself.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter ratio of 1:1: In COPD, chronic air trapping leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing a "barrel chest" appearance where the anteroposterior (AP) diameter approaches or equals the transverse diameter (1:1 ratio). This is a hallmark physical finding in advanced stages of the disease.

B. Unequal chest expansion: COPD causes diffuse rather than localized lung pathology, leading to generally reduced but symmetrical chest expansion. Unequal expansion is more characteristic of conditions like pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or unilateral lung consolidation.

C. Atrophied neck and trapezius muscles: Patients with COPD often develop hypertrophy of the neck and accessory muscles due to chronic respiratory effort, not atrophy. These muscles become more prominent as they assist with breathing, especially during exacerbations.

D. Increased tactile fremitus: Fremitus is the vibration felt on the chest wall when a patient speaks. In COPD, hyperinflation and air trapping decrease lung density, leading to reduced tactile fremitus. Increased fremitus is typically found in conditions with lung consolidation, such as pneumonia.

A. Is shorter than the right lung because of the underlying stomach. B. Primarily consists of an upper lobe on the posterior chest. C. Is divided by the horizontal fissure. D. Consists of two lobes.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Is shorter than the right lung because of the underlying stomach: The right lung is actually shorter than the left lung due to the position of the liver beneath it, which pushes the right diaphragm higher. The left lung is longer but narrower due to the space occupied by the heart.

B. Primarily consists of an upper lobe on the posterior chest: The left lung has both upper and lower lobes visible on the posterior chest. The lower lobe is larger and occupies most of the posterior lung field, while the upper lobe is primarily seen anteriorly and laterally.

C. Is divided by the horizontal fissure: The horizontal fissure is found in the right lung, separating the upper and middle lobes. The left lung has only one fissure, the oblique fissure, which separates its two lobes.

D. Consists of two lobes: The left lung is divided into an upper and lower lobe by the oblique fissure. Unlike the right lung, which has three lobes, the left lung has only two due to the space occupied by the heart, forming the cardiac notch.

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The nurse asks the patient to stick out their tongue while performing an assessment of the mouth and throat. The nurse knows this provides information about what cranial nerve?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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