The nurse asks the patient to stick out their tongue while performing an assessment of the mouth and throat. The nurse knows this provides information about what cranial nerve?
XI
V
XII
VII
The Correct Answer is C
A. XI: Cranial nerve XI, also known as the accessory nerve, is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are involved in shoulder and head movement. It does not play a role in tongue movement.
B. V: Cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve, is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. While it is important for overall oral sensation, it does not control tongue movement.
C. XII: Cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve, is responsible for motor control of the tongue muscles. When the patient sticks out their tongue, the nurse can assess the function of this nerve by observing the tongue's position, movement, and any signs of weakness or atrophy, which can indicate nerve damage.
D. VII: Cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, is responsible for the muscles of facial expression and taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Although it contributes to some oral functions, it is not directly involved in the movement of the tongue itself.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Sinoatrial (SA) node: The SA node is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart because it initiates electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. Located in the right atrium, the SA node generates impulses that cause the atria to contract and set the pace for the heart rate. This function is essential for maintaining a normal sinus rhythm.
B. Bundle of His: The Bundle of His, also known as the atrioventricular bundle, is part of the conduction system that transmits electrical impulses from the AV node to the bundle branches. While it plays an important role in conducting impulses, it does not initiate them and is not referred to as the pacemaker.
C. Atrioventricular (AV) node: The AV node is responsible for receiving impulses from the SA node and delaying them briefly to allow the ventricles to fill with blood before contracting. Although it can act as a secondary pacemaker if the SA node fails, it is not the primary pacemaker of the heart.
D. Bundle branches: The bundle branches carry electrical impulses from the Bundle of His to the ventricles, causing them to contract. They do not initiate impulses and therefore are not considered the pacemaker of the heart.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lymphadenopathy: Enlarged lymph nodes typically indicate an immune response to infection or inflammation. While allergies can cause mild lymph node enlargement due to chronic irritation, they do not directly cause the characteristic facial signs described, such as the transverse nasal crease and allergic shiners.
B. Nasal congestion: Nasal congestion is a symptom rather than a primary diagnosis. Although allergies can cause nasal congestion, the child exhibits additional hallmark signs of allergic rhinitis, including allergic shiners, Dennie-Morgan lines, and a nasal crease, suggesting a chronic allergic process rather than isolated congestion.
C. Upper respiratory infection: Viral upper respiratory infections (URIs) can cause nasal congestion, sneezing, and watery eyes, but they are usually short-lived and accompanied by fever, malaise, or yellow-green nasal discharge. The presence of a nasal crease and allergic shiners suggests a chronic process like allergic rhinitis rather than an acute infection.
D. Chronic allergies: The presence of a transverse nasal crease from frequent "allergic salute" rubbing, dark periorbital circles (allergic shiners) due to venous congestion, and Dennie-Morgan lines (double creases under the eyes) are classic findings in allergic rhinitis. These symptoms, along with watery eyes and clear nasal drainage, strongly indicate a chronic allergic condition rather than an infectious cause.
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