The nurse educator is reviewing the functions of insulin with a group of new graduate nurses. She asks the nurses what the primary function of insulin is. The nurses should respond that insulin
converts glycogen to glucose
stimulates the breakdown of adipose tissue
stimulates active transport of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue cells
increases the breakdown of protein into amino acids
The Correct Answer is C
A. Converts glycogen to glucose: The process of converting glycogen to glucose is known as glycogenolysis, and it occurs in the liver. This is actually stimulated by glucagon, not insulin. Insulin works to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake.
B. Stimulates the breakdown of adipose tissue: Insulin actually prevents the breakdown of adipose tissue. It promotes fat storage by inhibiting lipolysis (fat breakdown). It is glucagon and other hormones that stimulate fat breakdown during fasting states.
C. Stimulates active transport of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue cells: The primary function of insulin is to facilitate the uptake of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue cells by stimulating glucose transporters on the cell membrane. This helps lower blood glucose levels.
D. Increases the breakdown of protein into amino acids: Insulin has an anabolic effect on protein metabolism, meaning it promotes protein synthesis and inhibits the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. Glucagon is more involved in protein catabolism during fasting states.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["13"]
Explanation
Calculation:
- Determine the regular insulin dose based on the sliding scale.
The patient's blood glucose before lunch is 278 mg/dL.
According to the sliding scale:
Blood glucose 250-299 mg/dL: 6 units
Therefore, the regular insulin dose is 6 units.
- Calculate the insulin glargine (Lantus) dose.
Client weight = 70 kg.
Prescription for insulin glargine = 0.1 units/kg once daily.
Insulin glargine dose = 0.1 units/kg × 70 kg = 7 units.
- Calculate the total units of insulin to administer.
Total units = Regular insulin units + Insulin glargine units
Total units = 6 units + 7 units
= 13 units.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Bulging eyeballs: Bulging eyeballs (exophthalmos) is typically associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease, not hypothyroidism. In myxedema (severe hypothyroidism), eye changes are not characterized by bulging.
B. Thin silky hair: Hypothyroidism is more likely to cause dry, coarse hair, not thin or silky hair. Hair thinning is common, but it tends to become more brittle and coarse in hypothyroidism.
C. Fine muscle tremors: Fine muscle tremors are more characteristic of hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the muscle tone is often reduced, and some patients may experience muscle weakness or cramping, rather than fine tremors.
D. Periorbital edema: Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) is a common finding in myxedema and hypothyroidism. It is due to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and water in the tissues, which is a hallmark of severe, untreated hypothyroidism.
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