The nurse hears crackles when auscultating a client's lung sounds. Which is an accurate description of the sound of crackles?

To determine the Apgar score for the newborn infant, we assess five parameters: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. Each parameter is scored from 0 to 2, with 2 being the highest score. Let's evaluate each parameter:

1. Heart rate: 150 beats/minute --> Score of 2.
2. Respiratory effort: Vigorous cry present --> Score of 2.
3. Muscle tone: Good muscle tone with total flexion --> Score of 2.
4. Reflex irritability: Quick reflex irritability noted --> Score of 2.
5. Color: Dusky and cyanotic skin color --> Score of 1.

Now, we sum up the scores: 2+2+2+2+1=92+2+2+2+1=9

Therefore, the Apgar score for this infant is 9.

A. Assess for the use of illicit drugs. While assessing illicit drug use is important, it may not be the most crucial intervention during the initial health history-taking process.

B. Obtain a smoking history first. While obtaining a smoking history is important, it may not take precedence over other aspects of the health history, especially if there are more pressing concerns.

C. Evaluate vital signs and laboratory findings. While vital signs and laboratory findings are important components of the assessment, they are typically obtained after the health history has been completed.

D. Ask the parents to leave the room. Ensuring privacy and confidentiality is crucial during adolescent health assessments to encourage open communication and address sensitive issues. Asking the parents to leave the room allows the adolescent to speak freely about their health concerns without fear of judgment or disclosure to their parents.