The nurse is assessing an older adult client in the emergency room. Upon assessment, the nurse notes that the client is in the tripod position, has dyspnea at rest, wheezing upon auscultation, and an oxygen saturation level of 91%. What significant health problem might the nurse suspect?

Pneumonia

Chronic emphysema

Pneumothorax

Congestive heart failure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Pneumonia typically presents with fever, productive cough, and crackles rather than wheezing and tripod positioning.
B. Chronic emphysema is correct. The tripod position (leaning forward, hands on knees) is a classic sign of severe obstructive lung disease, such as emphysema or COPD. Wheezing and dyspnea at rest suggest air trapping and difficulty exhaling, which are hallmarks of this condition. The oxygen saturation of 91% is common in COPD patients due to chronic hypoxemia.
C. Pneumothorax presents with sudden onset chest pain, absent breath sounds on one side, and tracheal deviation (if severe) rather than wheezing.
D. Congestive heart failure can cause dyspnea but typically presents with crackles due to pulmonary edema rather than wheezing and tripod positioning.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A solid, dark brown color alone is not necessarily indicative of melanoma. Melanomas often have multiple colors, including black, brown, blue, or red.
B. Asymmetric, irregular borders is correct. Melanoma lesions are often asymmetrical, with irregular, poorly defined borders. They also tend to have varied pigmentation and may change over time. The ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolution) is used to assess suspicious moles.
C. Flat with silvery scales describes psoriasis, not melanoma.
D. A diameter of 3 mm is smaller than the typical >6 mm size seen in melanoma.

A. "You are probably sad about that." B. "Are you feeling sad, depressed, angry, or upset?" C. "How does that make you feel right now?" D. "What was the cause of your wife's death?"

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "You are probably sad about that" assumes the client’s emotions rather than allowing them to express their own feelings.
B. "Are you feeling sad, depressed, angry, or upset?" is a closed-ended question that may limit the client’s ability to fully express emotions.
C. "How does that make you feel right now?" is correct because it is an open-ended question that encourages the client to explore and express their emotions in their own words.
D. "What was the cause of your wife's death?" shifts the focus away from the client’s emotions and may come across as insensitive.

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The nurse is assessing an older adult client in the emergency room. Upon assessment, the nurse notes that the client is in the tripod position, has dyspnea at rest, wheezing upon auscultation, and an oxygen saturation level of 91%. What significant health problem might the nurse suspect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has sought care because they are concerned that a mole on the scalp may be skin cancer. Which finding would the nurse identify as being most suggestive of melanoma?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

During the interview the client states, "Is today the 12th? My wife died two months ago today." Which of the following responses would be most appropriate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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