The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot who has positioned themselves in a squatting position. The nurse understands this position:

Increases the return of venous blood back to the heart.

Is a common position when a child is tachycardic.

Decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart.

Increases the workload of the heart.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart by compressing the large veins in the legs and abdomen. This position helps increase systemic vascular resistance, which in turn increases the blood flow to the lungs and improves oxygenation. Children with Tetralogy of Fallot often instinctively squat to relieve cyanotic spells, as it helps reduce the severity of symptoms by temporarily improving circulation.

Choice B reason: While a child might experience tachycardia during a cyanotic spell, squatting is not a position specifically associated with tachycardia. The primary purpose of squatting in children with Tetralogy of Fallot is to improve venous return and systemic vascular resistance, not to address tachycardia directly.

Choice C reason: Squatting does not decrease arterial blood flow away from the heart. Instead, it helps increase systemic vascular resistance, which improves pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation. This position assists in temporarily mitigating the effects of the heart defect by improving circulation.

Choice D reason: Squatting actually helps alleviate some of the workload on the heart by improving systemic vascular resistance and enhancing blood flow to the lungs. It is a compensatory mechanism that children with Tetralogy of Fallot use instinctively to manage cyanotic spells, and it does not increase the workload of the heart.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is typically recommended for preteens at age 11 or 12 to protect against HPV infections that can lead to certain types of cancer later in life. This vaccine is given as a series of shots, and starting the series at 11 years old is ideal for maximizing its effectiveness before any potential exposure to the virus.

Choice B reason: The Pneumococcal vaccine is generally recommended for infants, young children, and older adults, particularly those with certain health conditions. It protects against pneumococcal disease, including infections in the lungs, blood, and brain. While it is crucial for vulnerable populations, it is not typically administered to healthy 11-year-old children.

Choice C reason: The Measles vaccine is part of the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine, which is usually administered in two doses—the first dose at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 years of age. By the time a child reaches 11 years old, they would have already received both doses of the MMR vaccine, assuming they followed the standard vaccination schedule.

Choice D reason: The Rubella vaccine is also included in the MMR vaccine, which is given in two doses during early childhood. Since the second dose is typically administered by the age of 6, an 11-year-old child would not require another dose of the Rubella vaccine if they followed the standard vaccination schedule.

A. Bronchodilator B. Digestive enzyme C. Mucolytic D. Aerosolized antibiotic

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Bronchodilators are medications that help open the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. They are often used for managing respiratory symptoms in cystic fibrosis, but they are not typically required specifically before meals.

Choice B reason: Digestive enzymes are essential for children with cystic fibrosis to take before meals. These enzymes help the body digest and absorb nutrients from food, which is crucial because cystic fibrosis can impair the pancreas's ability to produce these enzymes naturally.

Choice C reason: Mucolytics are medications that help thin and loosen mucus in the lungs, making it easier to cough up and clear from the airways. While important for managing respiratory symptoms, they are not specifically needed before meals.

Choice D reason: Aerosolized antibiotics are used to treat or prevent lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis. They are administered via inhalation and are not tied to meal times but rather prescribed as part of a daily treatment regimen.

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The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot who has positioned themselves in a squatting position. The nurse understands this position:

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