The nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse understands that the best explanation for utilizing TPN is to:

assist clients who are unable to eat but have active GI function.

give short term nutrition after a surgical procedure.

provide all of the client's nutritional needs in a hypertonic solution.

prevent complications after a laparotomy for a bowel obstruction.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. TPN does provide all of the client's nutritional needs, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes, in a hypertonic solution. The hypertonicity of the solution is necessary to prevent fluid overload and ensure compatibility with the vasculature. The hypertonic solution allows for higher nutrient concentrations to be delivered without exceeding vascular capacity.
A. TPN is indicated for clients who are unable to tolerate enteral nutrition (feeding through the gastrointestinal tract) or have impaired absorption, digestion, or utilization of nutrients despite having active GI function.
B. TPN may be used temporarily after a surgical procedure if the client is unable to tolerate oral or enteral feeding or if enteral nutrition is contraindicated due to the surgical site or condition. However, TPN is not limited to short-term use after surgery and may be required for an extended period in clients with chronic conditions or prolonged inability to tolerate enteral nutrition.
D. TPN may be used in some cases after a laparotomy for a bowel obstruction, particularly if enteral nutrition is contraindicated or if the client is unable to tolerate oral intake. However, TPN is not primarily used to prevent complications after surgery but rather to provide nutritional support when enteral feeding is not feasible or sufficient.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Dietary factors, such as high intake of certain foods (e.g., animal protein, sodium, oxalate-rich foods) and low intake of others (e.g., fluids, calcium), can influence the composition of urine and contribute to the formation of renal stones. For example, calcium oxalate stones can form when there is an imbalance of calcium and oxalate in the urine, while uric acid stones can form in individuals with high purine diets.
A. The frequency of renal stones can vary depending on factors such as climate, dietary habits, and genetic predisposition, but it is not specifically associated with the northern United States.
B. Dehydration and inadequate fluid intake can contribute to the formation of renal stones, particularly calcium-based stones. Insufficient fluid intake can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of stone formation and not vice versa.
D. The risk of renal stones is equal in both men and women.

A. serum white blood cell count of 16,000/mm3. B. pre-albumin level less than 10 mg/dl C. maintenance of baseline weight or gain of up to 1 kg/day. D. negative nitrogen balance.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. The expected effect of TPN is to maintain or promote weight gain in clients who are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally. TPN provides essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, allowing for adequate caloric intake to support energy needs and promote tissue repair and growth.
A. A serum white blood cell count of 16,000/mm3 indicates leukocytosis, which may suggest infection or inflammation rather than a direct effect of TPN.
B. Pre-albumin is a marker of nutritional status, and levels below 10 mg/dl typically indicate malnutrition rather than a positive response to TPN.
D. Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains, typically due to inadequate protein intake or increased protein breakdown. TPN provides amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein, and aims to promote a positive nitrogen balance to support tissue repair and growth.

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The nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse understands that the best explanation for utilizing TPN is to:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse educator is speaking with a community group about renal disorders. Which statement is appropriate for the educator to include regarding renal stones?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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