The nurse is caring for a client who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

liver failure

renal failure

respiratory failure

heart failure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Liver failure does not have a direct contraindication with bronchodilators, though careful monitoring is needed.

B. Renal failure is not a direct contraindication for bronchodilator use; however, kidney function can affect drug metabolism and clearance.

C. Respiratory failure may necessitate bronchodilator therapy rather than caution, especially in conditions like COPD or asthma where bronchodilators are crucial for management.

D. Heart failure requires caution with bronchodilators because they can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, potentially exacerbating heart failure symptoms or leading to arrhythmias.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. An allergic reaction is a possible response to medication, but it is not directly related to doubling the dosage.

B. Anaphylactic reaction is a severe and rapid allergic response; while possible, it is not the most likely consequence of an overdose in this context.

C. Poisoning is a likely concern when a client takes double the prescribed dosage of analgesics, especially if the medication has a narrow therapeutic index or is known to cause toxicity at high doses.

D. Sedative effects could occur depending on the analgesic used, but poisoning is a more pressing concern following an overdose.

A. Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant B. Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive C. Drowsiness after taking an antihistamine D. Diarrhea after taking an antibiotic

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant is a secondary action that occurs due to the anticoagulant's effect on blood clotting, which is an undesired effect when it leads to excessive bleeding.

B. Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive is a common secondary action related to the lowering of blood pressure, which can lead to hypotension and resultant dizziness.

C. Drowsiness after taking an antihistamine is a well-known secondary action, especially with first-generation antihistamines, which can cause sedation as a side effect.

D. Diarrhea after taking an antibiotic is a secondary action that can occur due to disruption of the normal gut flora, leading to gastrointestinal upset. All these examples illustrate secondary effects of medications.

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The nurse is caring for a client who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a severe headache. When the prescribed dose of analgesics did not cause relief, the client took double the dosage 1 hour later. The nurse should assess the client for what adverse effect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Drugs can produce a wide variety of effects in addition to the desired pharmacological effect. Sometimes the drug dose can be adjusted so that the desired effect is achieved without producing undesired secondary reactions. Which are examples of this secondary action?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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