The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. What clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find in this patient?

Arterial pH less than 7.3

Altered mental status

Presence of ketones in urine

Serum bicarbonate less than 15 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: An arterial pH less than 7.3 indicates acidosis, which is common in diabetic ketoacidosis but not typical in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome typically have a near-normal pH.

Choice B reason: Altered mental status is a significant clinical manifestation in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome due to severe hyperglycemia and the hyperosmolar state, which can lead to dehydration and impaired brain function.

Choice C reason: The presence of ketones in urine is more commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis rather than hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. The absence of significant ketonemia differentiates hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome from diabetic ketoacidosis.

Choice D reason: Serum bicarbonate less than 15 mEq/L is indicative of metabolic acidosis, typically seen in diabetic ketoacidosis rather than hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, where bicarbonate levels are usually normal or slightly decreased.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administering phosphate binders with meals is an essential intervention for managing renal osteodystrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal osteodystrophy results from an imbalance of calcium and phosphate in the body due to impaired kidney function. Phosphate binders help reduce the absorption of phosphate from the diet, thereby lowering serum phosphate levels and preventing complications such as secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disorders. This intervention helps maintain the proper balance of minerals, improving bone health and reducing the risk of fractures and other skeletal complications in CKD patients.

Choice B reason: Encouraging the patient to increase potassium-rich foods is not appropriate for managing renal osteodystrophy. Patients with CKD often need to limit their potassium intake because impaired kidney function can lead to hyperkalaemia (elevated potassium levels), which is potentially life-threatening. Instead of promoting potassium-rich foods, the focus should be on controlling phosphate and maintaining calcium levels.

Choice C reason: Monitoring calcium levels for signs of hypocalcaemia is important in CKD management, but it is not the primary intervention for renal osteodystrophy. While hypocalcaemia can occur in CKD due to disrupted vitamin D metabolism, addressing phosphate levels through the use of phosphate binders is a more targeted approach to managing renal osteodystrophy and preventing secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Choice D reason: Increasing fluid intake to 3 litters per day is generally not recommended for CKD patients, especially those with reduced urine output or fluid retention issues. Excessive fluid intake can lead to fluid overload, hypertension, and heart failure in CKD patients. The intervention should focus on phosphate control rather than fluid intake adjustments.

A. Ketoacidosis B. Pulmonary edema C. Atelectasis D. Hypoglycemia E. Hypokalemia

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ketoacidosis is not a typical complication of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) treatment. HHS usually occurs without significant ketoacidosis, and the focus is on managing hyperglycemia and dehydration.

Choice B reason: Pulmonary edema is a potential complication of rapid fluid replacement therapy. The increased fluid volume can overwhelm the heart's ability to pump effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Choice C reason: Atelectasis is not a common complication of HHS treatment. It is more related to lung collapse or infection rather than fluid or insulin therapy.

Choice D reason: Hypoglycemia is a potential complication of continuous insulin infusion. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary to prevent blood sugar from dropping too low during treatment.

Choice E reason: Hypokalemia is a potential complication of insulin therapy. Insulin promotes the uptake of potassium into cells, which can reduce serum potassium levels. Monitoring and managing potassium levels is important during HHS treatment.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. What clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find in this patient?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is at risk for renal osteodystrophy. Which intervention will the nurse implement to manage this condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. What clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find in this patient?

The nurse is teaching a patient with a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) about self-care with this condition. What patient statement indicates to the nurse that the patient requires further teaching?

The nurse is caring for a patient after a recent kidney transplant. What statement will the nurse include when teaching the patient about preventing organ rejection?

The nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to find?

The nurse is providing discharge education to a patient with iron deficiency anemia. The patient has been prescribed to take an oral iron supplement. What will the nurse include in the teaching for this patient? (Select All That Apply)

The nurse is caring for a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) whose platelet count is 10,000/mm³. What assessment finding will the nurse report to the provider immediately?

The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Which treatment will the nurse administer as part of this patient's management?

The nurse is teaching a patient who is scheduled for hemodialysis about the process and potential complications. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates to the nurse the need for further teaching? (Select All That Apply)