The nurse is teaching a 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus how to prevent diabetic nephropathy. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching has been successful?
"I will avoid hypoglycemia by keeping my blood sugar above 180 mg/dL."
"Smokeless tobacco products decrease the risk of kidney damage.
"should have yearly dilated eye examinations by an ophthalmologist
" can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods high in salt."
The Correct Answer is D
A. Keeping blood sugar above 180 mg/dL increases the risk of long-term complications, including diabetic nephropathy. Good glycemic control is essential to prevent kidney damage.
B. Smokeless tobacco still contains harmful substances and does not reduce the risk of kidney damage; in fact, smoking in any form increases the risk.
C. While yearly eye exams are important for detecting diabetic retinopathy, they are not specific to preventing nephropathy.
D. Controlling blood pressure is crucial in preventing diabetic nephropathy, and reducing sodium intake is an effective strategy to manage blood pressure.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While activity groups can help with cognitive function, it’s not accurate to state that skipping the activities will definitely lead to cognitive problems.
B. Excusing him from the activities without explaining their benefits would not provide the family with the necessary education about why they are important for his well-being.
C. Activity groups in long-term care facilities provide important social interaction, sensory stimulation, and reality orientation, which are beneficial for maintaining cognitive function and overall well-being in older adults.
D. The statement that groups are only for high-functioning clients is inaccurate. Activity groups are designed to benefit all levels of functioning, especially for promoting engagement and quality of life in elderly patients.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a single recessive gene. It has a genetic component but typically involves multiple genes, with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 being associated with increased risk, and is often triggered by autoimmune reactions.
B. The HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes are associated with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, as it is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
C. While infections (including viral infections) can sometimes trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, bacterial infections themselves do not cause the condition. It is autoimmune in nature, where the body attacks its insulin-producing cells.
D. Excessive heat and temperatures do not cause type 1 diabetes. The condition is driven by genetic and autoimmune factors, not environmental ones like heat.
E. Exposure to processing of metals and proteins does not cause type 1 diabetes. The disease is primarily associated with genetic predisposition and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
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