The nurse is teaching a 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus how to prevent diabetic nephropathy. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching has been successful?

A. Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a single recessive gene. It has a genetic component but typically involves multiple genes, with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 being associated with increased risk, and is often triggered by autoimmune reactions.
B. The HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes are associated with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, as it is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
C. While infections (including viral infections) can sometimes trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, bacterial infections themselves do not cause the condition. It is autoimmune in nature, where the body attacks its insulin-producing cells.
D. Excessive heat and temperatures do not cause type 1 diabetes. The condition is driven by genetic and autoimmune factors, not environmental ones like heat.
E. Exposure to processing of metals and proteins does not cause type 1 diabetes. The disease is primarily associated with genetic predisposition and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

A. Parkinsonism includes motor symptoms like tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, not sudden confusion. The presentation does not clearly indicate parkinsonism.
B. Alzheimer’s disease is progressive and develops gradually over months to years. A sudden onset of confusion suggests another cause, such as delirium, stroke, or medication-related effects, and should prompt further investigation.
C. Alzheimer’s disease does occur in African American clients, often at higher rates and with earlier onset compared to other populations. This is not a reason to question the diagnosis.
D. Liver function tests may be part of a general workup, but their absence does not specifically disqualify an AD diagnosis