The nurse is teaching a client about how to use crutches. Which action performed by the client demonstrates to the nurse a correct understanding of how to use the crutches?

Choice A reason:Hand hygiene is the foundation of Standard Precautions and the single most effective action to prevent transmission of infectious agents. Performing handwashing or using an alcohol‑based hand rub immediately before preparing or administering an injection removes transient microorganisms acquired from touching surfaces and protects both the client and the environment from contamination

Choice B reason:While wearing gloves during handling and disposal of contaminated sharps is recommended whenever there is potential contact with blood or body fluids, it is a secondary barrier. Reliance on gloves alone is insufficient because gloves can have micro‑perforations and are removed after use, making hand hygiene before and after glove use the priority

Choice C reason: Donning a face mask before administering the medication is not a necessary action to indicate an understanding of standard precautions. A face mask is only required when there is a risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents, such as when caring for a client with respiratory infections. It is not needed for self-administration of medications, unless the medication is aerosolized or nebulized.

Choice D reason: Removing the needle before discarding used syringes is not a safe action to indicate an understanding of standard precautions. It increases the risk of needle-stick injuries and contamination. The needle and syringe should be disposed of as a single unit in a puncture-resistant container.

Choice A reason: This is the best explanation as it describes the main goal of the log-rolling technique, which is to prevent twisting or bending of the spine. This is especially important for clients who have spinal injuries, surgeries, or disorders.

Choice B reason: Using two or three people is a part of the log-rolling technique, but it is not the purpose of it. It is a means to achieve the purpose of maintaining spinal alignment. It also ensures that the client is moved smoothly and gently.

Choice C reason: Working together can decrease the risk of back injury to the nurses, but it is not the purpose of the log-rolling technique. It is a benefit for the nurses, but not for the client. The nurse should focus on the client's needs and outcomes.

Choice D reason: Turning instead of pulling reduces the likelihood of skin damage, but it is not the purpose of the log-rolling technique. It is an advantage for the client, but not the main reason for using the technique. The nurse should explain how the technique affects the spine, not the skin.