The nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the ecological model of health care. Which of the following clients would be the primary target for this model?
A 35-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer
A 58-year-old female with chronic hepatitis A
A 52-year-old male with diabetes mellitus for the past 5 years
A 45-year-old female with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The Correct Answer is A
A. The ecological model of health care focuses on multiple levels of influence, including individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal factors. A 35-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer is a primary target because early intervention and prevention strategies can be tailored based on genetic and lifestyle factors.
B. A client with chronic hepatitis A would benefit from management within a clinical setting rather than an ecological model, which is more preventive and community-focused.
C. A client with established diabetes mellitus might be managed through medical treatment and lifestyle changes, which are typically individual-focused rather than ecological.
D. A client with HIV would require specialized care and management, which is more focused on medical and individual needs rather than the broader ecological approach.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decreasing exposure to sun is an example of primary prevention as it aims to prevent skin cancer before it occurs by reducing risk factors.
B. Conducting lead screening in children is an example of secondary prevention, as it involves early detection and intervention of potential lead poisoning.
C. Having routine mammograms is an example of secondary prevention, aimed at early detection of breast cancer before symptoms appear.
D. Screening for high blood pressure is an example of secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and management of hypertension to prevent complications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Physician and nursing staff." While the physician and nursing staff play a role in providing medical care and guidance, they are not responsible for making decisions about end-of-life care when the client cannot communicate their wishes.
B. "Physician and family." The physician can provide medical recommendations and guidance, but the family members are responsible for making decisions about end-of-life care when there is no advance directive.
C. "Spouse and adult children." This is correct. In the absence of an advance directive, the responsibility for making end-of-life decisions typically falls to the spouse and/or adult children, as they are usually considered the next of kin or legal decision-makers.
D. "Notary and attorney." Notaries and attorneys are not responsible for making medical decisions about end-of-life care. Their role is more related to legal documentation and advice.
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