A client with a history of cerebrovascular accident is brought to an emergency department experiencing memory problems, confusion, and disorientation. Based on this client's assessment data, on which medical diagnosis would the nurse focus the plan of care?

Delirium due to adverse effects of cardiac medications

Vascular neurocognitive disorder

Neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington's disease

Alzheimer's disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Delirium due to cardiac medications is a possibility, but the patient’s history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) makes vascular neurocognitive disorder more likely. Delirium typically presents acutely and is often associated with medical or environmental triggers.
B. Vascular neurocognitive disorder (formerly vascular dementia) is often seen in clients with a history of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). The client’s symptoms of memory problems, confusion, and disorientation could indicate this type of cognitive impairment, which is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain due to vascular damage.
C. Neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington's disease typically presents with movement disorders (chorea), mood changes, and gradual cognitive decline, rather than sudden memory loss and disorientation.
D. Alzheimer’s disease typically presents with gradual memory decline and cognitive impairment, but the sudden onset of symptoms in a patient with a history of CVA makes vascular neurocognitive disorder more probable.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism, not delusions or odd beliefs like the ability to read minds.
B. Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, and magical thinking, which can include delusions like believing one can read minds or influence events with their thoughts.
C. Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, but it does not include delusions of mind-reading.
D. Antisocial personality disorder is marked by disregard for others' rights and a lack of empathy, but it is not associated with delusions or magical thinking like mind-reading.

A. "It is important that I use soap and water to wash my hands when working with patients with C. diff B. "I need to rub my hands together to remove the C. diff spores." C. "Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are most effective for patients with C. diff D. "need to make sure the family members wash their hands often."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Using soap and water is the correct method for hand hygiene when caring for patients with C. diff, as the spores are not effectively removed by alcohol-based sanitizers.
B. Rubbing hands together to remove C. diff spores is the correct technique when washing with soap and water.
C. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not effective in removing C. diff spores. Soap and water are necessary to physically remove the spores from the hands.
D. Hand hygiene for family members is important in preventing the spread of infection, and this statement reflects proper infection control practices.

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A client with a history of cerebrovascular accident is brought to an emergency department experiencing memory problems, confusion, and disorientation. Based on this client's assessment data, on which medical diagnosis would the nurse focus the plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who screams, "I can read your minds!" The nurse should identify this finding as a manifestation of which of the following personality disorders?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement by the nursing assistant indicates the need for further teaching regarding infection control measures for patients with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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