The nurse knows that the occurrence of shoulder dystocia during labor is most likely related to which of the following?

Advance maternal age

Polyhydramnios

Macrosomia

Preterm birth

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Advanced maternal age may increase the risk of certain pregnancy complications, but it is not specifically associated with shoulder dystocia. Other factors, such as fetal size, are more directly related to shoulder dystocia.

B. Polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid) can sometimes be associated with complications during labor, but it is not the primary risk factor for shoulder dystocia. The condition most often involves difficulties with the fetal position or size rather than the amount of fluid.

C. Macrosomia (a large baby, typically defined as a birth weight over 8 pounds 13 ounces or 4000g) is the primary risk factor for shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby’s shoulders become stuck during delivery, often due to the larger size of the baby. The baby’s shoulders may be too broad to pass through the birth canal easily, which increases the likelihood of this complication.

D. Preterm birth is not a significant risk factor for shoulder dystocia. Preterm babies are typically smaller and less likely to encounter the same birth canal obstruction issues associated with shoulder dystocia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Convection refers to the transfer of heat through air or water, such as when cool air circulates around the baby. While it can contribute to heat loss, drying the baby and changing wet linens specifically addresses evaporation.
B. Evaporation occurs when the baby's skin is wet (such as after birth or during a bath) and heat is lost as the moisture evaporates from the skin. Drying the neonate thoroughly and changing wet linens is aimed at preventing this form of heat loss.
C. Radiation is the transfer of heat from the baby to nearby cooler objects or surfaces (without direct contact), but drying and changing wet linens does not directly address this form of heat loss.
D. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact with a cooler surface, such as a cold surface or metal. It would be a concern if the baby was placed on a cold surface, but drying the baby helps prevent heat loss via evaporation, not conduction

A. clear liquid diet B. administration of labetalol C. small frequent meals D. nothing by mouth

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Clear liquid diet may be appropriate later in treatment once symptoms improve, but it is not typically initiated immediately in a client with severe hyperemesis gravidarum, especially if they are unable to keep any fluids down.

B. Administration of labetalol is used to treat hypertension, particularly in preeclampsia, and is not related to the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum.

C. Small frequent meals are part of long-term management or mild cases, but for severe hyperemesis gravidarum requiring hospitalization, oral intake is usually withheld initially.

D. Nothing by mouth (NPO) is correct. In severe hyperemesis gravidarum, the client is often kept NPO to rest the gastrointestinal tract and prevent further vomiting. Intravenous (IV) fluids, electrolytes, and sometimes antiemetic medications are administered to manage dehydration and nutritional deficits before gradually resuming oral intake.

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The nurse knows that the occurrence of shoulder dystocia during labor is most likely related to which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse dries the neonate thoroughly and promptly changes wet linens. The nurse does so to minimize heat loss via which mechanism?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with severe hyperemesis gravidarum is admitted to the facility after being cared for at home without success. What would the nurse expect to include in the client's plan of care?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client who has just given birth to a healthy newborn required an episiotomy. Which action would the nurse implement immediately after birth to decrease the client's pain from the procedure?

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